TGFB1

Transforming growth factor beta 1, also known as TGFB1, encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Its molecular weight is approximately 26kD. TGFB family bind to a variety of TGF-beta receptors which lead to the recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors. Furthermore, SMAD family transcription factors regulate gene expression. TGFB1 is proteolytically processed to generate a latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a mature peptide. It is found in different forms such as a latent form composed of a mature peptide homodimer or a LAP homodimer, and a latent TGF-beta binding protein. In addition, it can be found in an active form consisting solely of the mature peptide homodimer. The mature peptide may also form heterodimers with other TGFB family members.
TGFB1 are responsible for regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and growth. It modulates the expression level and the activation of other growth factors. Those factors primarily include interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha. TGFB1 is frequently upregulated in tumor cells, and mutations in this gene result in Camurati-Engelmann disease. Moreover, TGFB1 in post-angioplasty restenosis is characterized by inappropriate smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, excessive extracellular matrix accumulation. In the case of atherosclerosis, TGFB1 is characterized by the extensive mineralization of the matrix.

Entrez Gene ID: 7040
UniProt ID: P01137