TNFSF4

TNF superfamily member 4 (TNFSF4), also referred to as OX40 ligand (OX40L) encodes a cytokine that is expressed on antigen-presenting cells to provide co-stimulatory signals to T cells. The TNFSF4 protein contains 183 amino acids with an amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain and a carboxy-terminal extracellular domain. TNFSF4 shares approximately 50% sequence identity with the mouse counterpart.
TNFSF4 is a T-cell activator that promotes the survival of CD4+ T-cells at sites of inflammation. When T-cells are activated, it produces proinflammatory cytokines, which are largely responsible for plaque rupture and thrombus formation. TNFSF4 has been reported to be a factor associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjogren's syndrome.
The interplay between TNFSF4 and its receptors has a dual effect in promoting T cell responses. It enhances the proliferation of effector T cells while blocks the generation of inducible Treg cells,, allowing activation of both the canonical and noncanonical NF-kappa B signaling pathways. TNFSF4 and its receptor influence susceptibility to atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic disease. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in TNFSF4 are associated with myocardial infarction and venous thromboembolism. Several studies revealed that the transcriptional level of TNFSF4 is significantly higher in human carotid atherosclerotic lesions.
Entrez Gene ID: 7292
UniProt ID: P23510

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