ATP1B4 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of ATP1B4

ATP1B4 (ATPase Na+/K+ transporting family member beta 4) is a member of the X(+)/potassium ATPases subunit beta family, which is encoded by ATP1B4 gene that has been found in all vertebrate genomes. In placental mammals, the protein lost its ancestral function as a Na, K-ATPase beta-subunit and interacts with the nuclear transcriptional coregulator, involved in the regulation of TGF-beta signaling during muscle development through its interaction with SNW1.

Basic Information of ATP1B4
Protein Name	ATP1B4
Gene Name	ATP1B4
Aliases	X, K-ATPase subunit beta-m, X/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-m
Organism	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	Q9UN42
Transmembrane Times	1
Length (aa)	357
Sequence	MRRQLRSRRAPSFPYSYRYRLDDPDEANQNYLADEEEEAEEEARVTVVPKSEEEEEEEEKEEEEEEEKEEEEGQGQPTGNAWWQKLQIMSEYLWDPERRMFLARTGQSWSLILLIYFFFYASLAAVITLCMYTLFLTISPYIPTFTERVKPPGVMIRPFAHSLNFNFNVSEPDTWQHYVISLNGFLQGYNDSLQEEMNVDCPPGQYFIQDGNEDEDKKACQFKRSFLKNCSGLEDPTFGYSTGQPCILLKMNRIVGFRPELGDPVKVSCKVQRGDENDIRSISYYPESASFDLRYYPYYGKLTHVNYTSPLVAMHFTDVVKNQAVPVQCQLKGKGVINDVINDRFVGRVIFTLNIET

Function of ATP1B4 Membrane Protein

In lower vertebrates, such as fish, avian, and amphibian species, the ATP1B4 gene encodes plasma membrane-bound beta-subunits of Na, K-ATPase, which is located in the cell membrane and involved in the transport of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions. In placental mammals, however, this protein completely lost its ancestral as the beta subunit of Na, K-ATPase, and evolved into a muscle-specific protein of the inner nuclear membrane, regulating gene expression. The highest ATP1B4 expression has been observed in late fetal and early postnatal myocytes, which suggests ATP1B4 may play an essential role in perinatal development. Besides, this protein has been revealed to be associated with several diseases, such as congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract 2 as well as thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.

ATP1B4 Membrane Protein Introduction Fig.1 Changes in functional properties of βm-proteins encoded by orthologous vertebrate ATP1B4 genes during evolution. (Pestov, 2007)

Application of ATP1B4 Membrane Protein in Literature

Korneenko T.V., et al. Evolutionary diversification of the BetaM interactome acquired through co-option of the ATP1B4 gene in placental mammals. Sci Rep. 2016, 6: 22395. PubMed ID: 26939788

This article suggested that orthologous vertebrate ATP1B4 genes represent an instance of gene cooption. ATP1B4 protein is the beta-subunits of Na, K-ATPase located in the plasma membrane fish, amphibian, and avian species, while functions transcriptional regulator in nuclear membrane of perinatal myocytes in placental mammals.
Gao K., et al. Genetic analysis of the ATP1B4 gene in Chinese Han patients with Parkinson's disease. Mol Biol Rep. 2014, 41(4): 2307-2311. PubMed ID: 24420862

This study concluded the variant in the coding region of the ATP1B4 gene, rs2072452 (c.143T > C), showed no significant differences between Parkinson's disease patients and control subjects for genotypic and allelic distributions.
Pestov N.B., et al. Isolation and characterization of BetaM protein encoded by ATP1B4--a unique member of the Na, K-ATPase β-subunit gene family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011, 412(4): 543-548. PubMed ID: 21855530

This investigation firstly revealed that BetaM has molecular mass 5.9kDa and consists of short high-mannose type N-glycans, which indicates its entirely new evolutionarily acquired function.
Zhao H., et al. Accumulation of beta (m), a structural member of X, K-ATPase beta-subunit family, in nuclear envelopes of perinatal myocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004, 286(4): C757-767. PubMed ID: 14656723

This article indicated the function of ATP1B4 protein in the development of growing skeletal muscle.

ATP1B4 Preparation Options

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Reference

Pestov N B, et al. (2007). Evolution of Na, K-ATPase βm-subunit into a coregulator of transcription in placental mammals. PNAS. 104(27), 11215-11220.

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