Osteology

Backgrounds

Osteology is the scientific study of bones. Bone cancer occurs in the skeleton, and its affiliates and tumorigenesis remain unclear. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of joints. Antibodies against proinflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-1β, IL-23, IL-17, and IL-6 can be applied to treat RA. Osteoporosis is a complex systemic disease. In addition, bone remodeling is a continuous process of bone renewal through highly regulated bone formation and resorption. The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand (RANKL), a tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine produced by osteoblasts, plays a role in signal absorption and is an important regulator of bone remodeling.

Bispecific Antibodies (BsAbs) for Osteology Therapy

BsAbs have broad application prospects in bone disorders. The anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody has been approved for treating bone loss and bone destruction in patients with osteoporosis, advanced cancer with bone metastasis, and giant cell tumors of bone. BsAbs have shown superior bone repair activity over monotherapy by targeting different aspects of fracture healing. A study shows that a BsAb binding to both RANKL and osteonectin could potentially provide an improved anti-RANKL therapy. Antibodies that neutralize sclerostin (Scl-Ab) or DKK-1 (DK1-Ab) are currently being evaluated as potential therapies for the treatment of bone diseases such as postmenopausal osteoporosis and myeloma-induced bone disease. The synergistic bone-forming effects of the combined application of Scl-Ab and DKK1-Ab in intact models as well as disease and injury models provide the basis for designing bispecific heterodimeric antibodies (Hetero-DS) that inhibit these two molecules. Inactivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway through BsAbBmi/TRIM could inhibit growth, aggressiveness, angiogenesis, and apoptosis resistance in bone cancer in xenograft mice. These findings indicate that the BsAb of BsAbBmi/TRIM may serve as a promising anti-cancer agent for the treatment of osteosarcoma.

Fig.1 Schematic of a bispecific antibody in multiple myeloma (MM).¹

Creative Biolabs provides a comprehensive range of BsAbs products and services for your osteology research project.

Reference

1. Zhou, Xiang, Hermann Einsele, and Sophia Danhof. "Bispecific antibodies: a new era of treatment for multiple myeloma." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9.7 (2020): 2166.