Biotin is an aqueous vitamin exhibiting coenzyme activity with five carboxylase enzymes. Although it plays an irreplaceable role in numerous fundamental biological processes in humans, mammals cannot inherently synthesize biotin and rely solely on dietary intake.
Biotin participates in human baseline metabolic pathways, functioning as a covalently-bound coenzyme for four essential carboxylases, involved in fatty acid synthesis and absorption, leucine metabolism, and gluconeogenesis processes.
Moreover, biotin contributes to epigenetic and chromatin structure regulation. Research has illustrated that biotin can modify histones via attachment through amide bonds. These biotinylated histones are prevalent within the cell nucleus, engaging in a plethora of biological processes. Biotinylated histones interact with DNA at elevated intensities, enhancing chromatin stability and participating in its dynamic structural modifications. Biotinylated histones are also capable of interacting with transcription factors and regulatory proteins, thereby contributing to gene transcription and expression.
Fig.1 Roles of biotin-dependent carboxylases.1
Reference
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