Integrins are a family of membrane proteins that play multiple roles in cell surface adhesion and signaling. An integrin consists of an alpha subunit and a beta subunit. Integrin subunit alpha-V (ITGAV) is a gene encoding integrin alpha chain V, which yields heavy and light chains linked by disulfides, thus forming different integrins (including αvβ3, αvβ5, αvβ6, and αvβ8) by combining with various integrin beta chains. Alpha V class integrins distribute widely in tissues, cells, and tumors and participate in signaling pathways, interacting with multiple extracellular ligands, including vitronectin, fibrinogen, TGFβ1+3, etc. ITGAV is associated with manifold processes of tumor cells. Overexpression of ITGAV upregulates the progression and spread of prostate cancer and colorectal cancer by perineural invasion. There are also studies reporting that ITGAV αvβ6 mediates Ets-1 and NF-kB pathways by activating ERK signaling cascade, involved with cancer and metastasis resulting from irregular cell activities.
Fig.1 Signaling pathway of ITGAV αvβ6 in cancer.1
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