Natural killer cell p44 receptor (Nkp44), a type V transmembrane glycoprotein, serves as an activation-specific marker on NK cells. Its cytoplasmic domain lacks ITAM motifs but transmits signals through charge-mediated dimerization with DAP12 adaptor proteins, which harbor ITAM sequences to propagate cytotoxicity signals. Nkp44 enables NK cells to detect stressed or infected cells via interaction with pathogen-derived or tumor-associated ligands, triggering perforin/granzyme-mediated apoptosis and cytokine release. This receptor is pivotal in cancer immunotherapy, infectious disease research (e.g., viral infections), and autoimmune disorder studies due to its dual regulatory roles in immune activation and tolerance. Emerging applications include chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cell engineering for targeted tumor eradication.
Fig.1 Molecular structures of Nkp44.1
Reference
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