Fig.1 Commonly used biomolecules immobilization
methods on various ZnO nanostructures.1
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an II-VI semiconductor material that may be manufactured in a range of nanostructured or crystal structures to regulate the material's final properties. It can be manufactured into nanorods, nanowires, nanoribbons, nanoblasts, nanosaws, nanosprings, nanospirals, and other forms. ZnO has been widely employed in the construction of immunosensors due to its various advantages, including biocompatibility, light transmission, electrical responsiveness, photo- and chemical stability, and so on. This strategy of combining ZnO with immunosensors improves biorecognition factors such as sensitivity and stability. Biorecognition is achieved by immunosensors that can identify antigens or antibodies by forming an immunological complex between the antibody and the antigen. Appropriate antibody immobilization is critical for the development of immunosensors. Several methods, including adsorption, covalent linking, and site-directed immobilization, may be employed to modify ZnO nanoparticles by antibodies or antigens.
Reference
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