CALHM2 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of CALHM2

Calcium homeostasis modulator protein 2 (CALHM2) is a pore-forming subunit of a voltage-gated ion channel encoded by the gene CALHM2. It is a paralogue of CALHM1, which is a Ca²⁺ channel controlling neuronal excitability. CALHM2 is a 323 amino acid multi-pass membrane protein that may be related to the modulation of calcium signaling stemming from bitter, sweet and umami receptor activation in taste buds.

Basic Information of CALHM2
Protein Name	Calcium homeostasis modulator protein 2
Gene Name	CALHM2
Aliases	Protein FAM26B
Organism	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	Q9HA72
Transmembrane Times	4
Length (aa)	323
Sequence	MAALIAENFRFLSLFFKSKDVMIFNGLVALGTVGSQELFSVVAFHCPCSPARNYLYGLAAIGVPALVLFIIGIILNNHTWNLVAECQHRRTKNCSAAPTFLLLSSILGRAAVAPVTWSVISLLRGEAYVCALSEFVDPSSLTAREEHFPSAHATEILARFPCKENPDNLSDFREEVSRRLRYESQLFGWLLIGVVAILVFLTKCLKHYCSPLSYRQEAYWAQYRANEDQLFQRTAEVHSRVLAANNVRRFFGFVALNKDDEELIANFPVEGTQPRPQWNAITGVYLYRENQGLPLYSRLHKWAQGLAGNGAAPDNVEMALLPS

Function of CALHM2 Membrane Protein

Just like CALHM1, CALHM2 is a pore-forming subunit of voltage-gated ion channels for the perception of sweetness, bitterness and umami taste, especially in type II taste bud cells, which are sweet, bitter and fresh by inducing ATP release from cells. But unlike CALHM1, it is doesn’t play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Studies have demonstrated that conventional knockout and conditional astrocyte knockout of CALHM2 both result in significantly decreased ATP concentrations, loss of hippocampal spine number, neural dysfunction and depression-like behaviors in mice, which can be significantly rescued by ATP replenishment. These findings showed that CALHM2 is a critical ATP-releasing channel that modulates neural activity and as a potential risk factor of depression.

Fig.1 CALHM2 governs astrocytic ATP releasing in the development of depression-like behaviors. (Jun M, 2017)

Application of CALHM2 Membrane Protein in Literature

Bryan D., et al. Expression of Genes Encoding Multi-Transmembrane Proteins in Specific Primate Taste Cell Populations. PLoS One. 2009, 4(12): e7682. PubMed ID: 19997627

This article reports that CALHM2 is expressed in TRPM5 cells and can regulate and influences calcium signaling derived from sweet, bitter and umami receptor activation.
Jun M., et al. Calhm2 governs astrocytic ATP releasing in the development of depression-like behaviors. Mol Psychiatry. 2018, 23(4): 1091. PubMed ID: 29311664

This article shows that CALHM2 plays an important role in ATP release from astrocytes.
Calero O., et al. Genetic variability of the gene cluster CALHM 1-3 in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Prion. 2012, 6(4): 407-12. PubMed ID: 22874670

This article proved that genetic variability of gene clusters formed by the CALHM1 gene and two adjacent paralogs (CALHM3 and CALHM2) in a series of 235 patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD).
Shibata N., et al. Genetic association between CALHM1, 2, and 3 polymorphisms and Alzheimer's disease in a Japanese population. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010, 20(2): 417-21. PubMed ID: 20164573

This article reveals that there is no correlation between the SNP of CALHM1, CALHM2, CALHM3 and AD.
Wu J., et al. Generation of Calhm1 knockout mouse and characterization of calhm1 gene expression. Protein Cell. 2012, 3(6): 470-80. PubMed ID: 22723178

This article confirmed that the CGI of mouse and human Calhm1 is hypermethylated, but the CGI of mouse CALHM2 is hypomethylated.

CALHM2 Preparation Options

To obtain the soluble and functional target protein, the versatile Magic™ membrane protein production platform in Creative Biolabs enables many flexible options, from which you can always find a better match for your particular project. Aided by our versatile Magic™ anti-membrane protein antibody discovery platform, we also provide customized anti-CALHM2 antibody development services.

As a forward-looking research institute as well as a leading customer service provider in the field of membrane protein, Creative Biolabs has won good reputation among our worldwide customers for successfully accomplishing numerous challenging projects including generation of many functional membrane proteins. Please feel free to contact us for more information.

Reference

Jun M, et al. (2017). Calhm2 governs astrocytic ATP releasing in the development of depression-like behaviors. Molecular psychiatry.

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