CXCR1 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of CXCR1

CXCR1, also known as Interleukin 8 receptor, belongs to a subfamily of chemokine receptors from a large family of G protein-coupled receptor, encoded by CXCR1 gene. There are currently seven CXC chemokine receptors in mammals, termed CXCR1-CXCR7. The receptor can recognize CXC chemokine that possesses an E-L-R amino acid motif. Recently, most studies have been made to investigate the CXCR1 role in the treatment of cancer.

Function of CXCR1 Membrane Protein

CXCR1 mainly exist on the surface of neutrophils in mammals and can bind to Interleukin 8 with high affinity as well as activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system, mediating the activation of neutrophils. In mice, the deficiency of CXCR1 can suppress embryonic oligodendrocyte precursor migration in developing spinal cord. Moreover, most studies have shown that the overexpression of CXCR1 can be considered as a biomarker for many solid tumors, such as gastric adenocarcinoma and breast cancer. And CXCR1 is associated with drug-resistance, invasion, and metastasis in various tumors. In view of the functions of CXCR1 in progression of tumors, CXCR1 and its related pathways may be regarded as a promising target for cancer treatment. Recent studies have shown that CXCR1/2 antagonists are the promising therapeutic reagents for treating pancreatic cancer. Moreover, the CXCR1 level can be considered as an independent prognosticator in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Fig.1 CXCR1/2 receptor/ligand signaling pathways in gastric carcinoma. (Wang, 2013)

Application of CXCR1 Membrane Protein in Literature

1. Han S S., et al. Association between interleukin 8-receptor gene (CXCR1 and CXCR2) polymorphisms and urinary tract infection: evidence from 4097 subjects. Nephrology. 2018. PubMed ID: 29577511
   
   

   The study is aimed to identify the correlation of interleukin 8-receptor gene polymorphisms and urinary tract infection (UTI) susceptibility using meta-analyses. Results show that rs2234671 polymorphism in gene CXCR1 may increase the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children.

2. Fu S., et al. Inhibition of interleukin 8/C-X-C chemokine receptor 1,/2 signaling reduces malignant features in human pancreatic cancer cells. International Journal of Oncology. 2018, 53(1): 349-357. PubMed ID: 29749433
   
   

   The study shows that CXCR1/2 antagonists, reparixin or SCH527123, inhibit CXCR1/2-mediated signal transduction, reducing the growth and migration of human pancreatic cancer cells. Hence reparixin and SCH527123 may be potential therapeutic drugs for treating pancreatic cancer.

3. Chen X., et al. CXCR1 expression predicts benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Urologic Oncology. 2018, 36(5): 242.e15-242.e21. PubMed ID: 29370961
   
   

   In this research, authors indicate that high CXCR1 expression is an independent prognosticator in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The high CXCR1 expression may be associated with decreased benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy and the outcome may be induced by the enriched pathways of hypoxia and angiogenesis in CXCR1 positive patients.

4. Zhu Y., et al. High CXC chemokine receptor 1 level represents an independent negative prognosticator in non-metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma patients. Oncoimmunology. 2017, 6(11): e1359450. PubMed ID: 29147624
   
   

   The research is designed to study the prognostic significance of CXCR1 in patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Results reveal that increased epithelial CXCR1 levels are significantly associated with overall survival (OS) in all non-metastatic ccRCC patients. Hence high epithelial CXCR1 may act as an independent negative prognostic factor in non-metastatic ccRCC patients.

5. Tavares L P., et al. CXCR1/2 Antagonism Is Protective during Influenza and Post-Influenza Pneumococcal Infection. Front Immunol. 2017, 8: 1799. PubMed ID: 29326698
   
   

   The study shows that the inhibitor of CXCR1/2 protects organism from inflammatory response during respiratory influenza and pneumococcal infections. Hence authors put forward a new therapeutic strategy for treating lung infections caused by influenza, pneumococcal, and post-influenza pneumococcal infections.

CXCR1 Preparation Options

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Reference

1. Wang J P., et al. (2013). Expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor types 1/2 in patients with gastric carcinoma: Clinicopathological correlations and significance. Oncology Letters. 5(2), 574-582.

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