Creative Biolabs is a contract research organization (CRO) specialized in offering customized services for the development of antibodies for use in diagnostics, drug discovery, and basic research. Especially, we provide the expertise and personnel to offer high-quality in vitro diagnostic (IVD) antibody development services targeting a wide range of high-value diagnostic biomarkers to our clients. Here, we introduce our IVD antibody development services for acetylcarnitine marker.
Acetylcarnitine, also known as ALCAR, is an acetylated form of L-carnitine. L-carnitine is a common molecule produced from methionine and lysine, its homeostasis is kept by dietary intake and endogenous formation. Myocardial and skeletal muscles are the major consumers of L-carnitine and comprise the highest depots in the body. L-carnitine pool contains free carnitine (CAR) and acylcarnitines (ACYLCAR), generated by carnitine acyltransferases in many tissues. Under normal metabolic situations, ALCAR is the main representative of the acyl group and serves an important role in anabolic and catabolic pathways of cellular metabolism. The relationship between serum ACYLCAR and CAR is extremely sensitive to intramitochondrial metabolic variations. ACYLCAR and CAR act as cofactors for transport of long chain fatty acids through the mitochondrial membrane. The maintenance of the mitochondrial acyl-CoA/CoA ratio has been regarded as an important role of CAR, due to the fact that a number of enzymes took part in the citric cycle, gluconeogenesis, and the urea cycle.
Figure 1. Chemical structures of carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine. (Pettegrew, J. W. 2000)
Acetylcarnitine Marker of Diabetic Polyneuropathy
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a typical late complication of diabetes and is usually connected with neuropathic pain. ALCAR is insufficient in diabetes. In preclinical researches, replacement of ALCAR corrects perturbations of neural Na+/K+-ATPase, nitric oxide, myoinositol and prostaglandins, all of which serve essential early pathogenetic roles in DPN. A study has shown that ALCAR treatment is effective in alleviating symptoms, particularly pain, increases nerve fiber regeneration and in patients with defined diabetic neuropathy. It has also suggested that ALCAR is a possible biomarker for the diagnosis of DPN.
Figure 2. Carnitine is transported by OCTN2 into the cytosol to take part in the shuttling of activated long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria where β-oxidation occurs. Acetylcarnitine serves crucial roles in the anabolic and catabolic pathways and is a potential marker for the diagnosis of DPN. (Flanagan, J. L. 2010)
Acetylcarnitine Marker of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma, a general type of main liver cancer, has become a primary global health issue. α-fetoprotein (AFP), an extensively used tumor marker in clinical practice, is not an appropriate biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis, on account of its low sensitivity and poor specificity. It is necessary to develop more sensitive and specific markers for efficient diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, metabolomics studies have offered a novel angle for biomarker discovery. Researchers have indicated that remarkable variations of a wide range of acylcarnitines may be an unique endogenous feature of hepatocellular carcinoma carcinogenesis. Besides, the diagnostic potential of differential metabolites discovered in liver tissues, further identified in serum samples, revealed that acetylcarnitine had a high precision for hepatocellular carcinoma determination, especially for AFP false-negative patients. What's more, they also demonstrated that acetylcarnitine is a possible biomarker for development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
IVD antibodies are extensively used in immunodiagnostic tools for disease screening and therapeutic monitoring. Through our role as a leading antibody service provider, Creative Biolabs is well-positioned to develop high-quality anti-acetylcarnitine antibodies. Besides antibody generation, Creative Biolabs also offers diagnostic immunoassay development services, including feasibility analysis, assay design, assay protocol establishment, assay optimization, and kit production. Creative Biolabs has successfully completed numerous IVD antibody generation and development projects for clients across the globe. If you are interested in our IVD antibody discovery services, please contact us for more details.
References
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