As a leading CRO of antibody generation and development, Creative Biolabs offers application-specific antibody development services to global clients. With experienced scientists and advanced technology, we have established a series of high-quality in vitro diagnostic (IVD) antibody development services against biomarkers of different diseases. Here, we introduce our IVD antibody development services for cyclophilin A marker.
Cyclophilin A (CypA), an 18-kDa immunophilin, is primarily distributed in the cytoplasm and promotes protein folding and protein trafficking. It also serves as a cellular receptor for cyclosporine A (CsA). The expression of CypA is high in the kidney, where proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) are found to comprise much more CypA than other kidney tissues. Most previous studies have been on the cellular relationship between CypA and CsA, which is exploited as immunosuppressant. CypA is secreted from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), endothelial cells, and macrophages in response to ROS. Besides, secreted CypA (sCypA) was shown to be associated with CVD, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and lung and liver injury. It takes part in autocrine and paracrine growth mechanisms through activating ERK1/2 activity. What's more, sCypA activates ERK1/2, improves DNA synthesis, and restrains nitric-oxide-induced apoptosis in VSMCs. Therefore, CypA plays an extensive role in the regulation of extracellular signal.
Figure 1. The 3-dimension structure of cyclophilin like protein.
Cyclophilin A Marker of Diabetes
Diabetes is a condition that the blood glucose levels of body are higher than normal, which is also known as hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes is the most usual type of diabetes, which presents as the incapable of use insulin appropriately, called insulin resistance. The pathophysiology of vascular disease in diabetes is related to abnormalities in endothelial cells, VSMCs, and monocytes. It has been demonstrated that CypA plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes, and is a promising biomarker for vascular disease in type-2 diabetes. Besides, a study has indicated that patients with type 2 diabetes have higher circulating levels of CypA than the common population. Plasma cyclophilin levels were elevated in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease, revealing a role of this protein in promoting vascular disease in type 2 diabetes.
Figure 2. Schematic diagram showing intra- and extracellular activities of CyPA. Part A shows the pharmacologically applied CsA passes the cell membrane and combines with intracellular CyPA. Part B shows the extracellular CyPA causes inflammatory pathways. (Seizer, P. 2014)
Cyclophilin A Marker of Cardiovascular Diseases
CVD is a group of diseases with conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. The most general and serious types of CVD are coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure and stroke. CypA has been recognized as an immunophilin and has various intracellular functions, such as intracellular signaling, protein trafficking, and the modulation of other proteins' activity. What's more, CypA serves a crucial physiological and pathological role in CVD, allowing it a powerful biomarker and mediator in CVD, including atherosclerosis, vascular stenosis, and abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Figure 3. CypA regulates a variety of cardiovascular cell functions. It induces endothelial dysfunction, improves proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, play as chemoattractant mediators for monocytes and other inflammatory cells. (Perrucci, G. L. 2015)
Based on the rapid development of IVD technology and novel biomarkers, IVD antibodies are extensively used for disease screening and therapeutic monitoring. Diverse immunoassays are applied, including lateral flow assay, immunochemistry, sandwich ELISA, etc. Through our role as a leading antibody service provider, Creative Biolabs is well-positioned to deliver high-quality IVD antibody development services targeting numerous biomarkers, such as CyPA marker. With years of devotion and accumulation in this particular field, Creative Biolabs is confident in offering you the best products and services. For more detailed information, please feel free to contact us or directly send us an inquiry.
References
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