IVD Antibody Development Service for Exosome Marker

Creative Biolabs is an undisputed leading provider of antibody generation and production services. Based on our abundant experience in antibody production, Creative Biolabs offers high-quality in vitro diagnostic (IVD) antibody development services targeting exosome biomarkers to make clients’ diagnostic kits a success.

Exosomes are small vesicles of 30-120 nm generated in multi-vesicular bodies and then released through exocytosis. They were initially discovered in the mid-1980s, and the function and composition of exosomes have been intensely researched. Exosomes contain a variety of molecular constituents of their cell, such as mRNAs, lipids, miRNAs, and proteins. They are released from various cell types like epithelial cells and lymphocytes and can be found in most bodily fluids, such as blood, saliva, ascitic fluid and urine. It has been proven that exosomes serve an important role in cell-to-cell communication and affect both physiological and pathological processes. Besides, the proteins most constantly authenticated in exosomes are heat shock proteins (e.g., HSC90), membrane transporters and fusion proteins (e.g., GTPases and annexins), MVB biogenesis proteins (e.g., TSG101), tetraspanins (e.g., CD63 and CD81) and phospholipases.

Figure 1. Characteristics of oligodendroglial exosomes. Part A shows the electron micrograph of exosomes in the extracellular space released by primary oligodendrocytes. Part B shows the protein composition of a typical oligodendroglial exosome. The illustration is based on proteomic analyses of exosome preparations derived from oligodendroglial cells. (Krämer-Albers, 2007).

Exosomal Biomarkers

Exosomes contain proteins and nucleic acids from their host cells that are pointing to pathophysiological conditions, and they were extensively regarded as essential biomarker for clinical diagnostics. For example, tumor cells release exosomes comprising tumor-specifc RNAs that can be possibly used for cancer diagnosis. In addition, exosomes enable to be obtained from easily gainable biofluids, which makes exosomes proteins become an appropriate candidate for disease diagnosis. Take the exosomal marker CD63 (a member of the tetraspanin family) as an example, it appeared at higher levels in exosomes derived from malignant cancer cells than those derived from noncancer cells proved by Yoshioka and coworkers, offering evidence that exosomal CD63 could be a protein marker for cancer. So far, many exosomal protein biomarkers have been discovered to be possibly useful in the diagnosis of diseases, such as CD81, CD41, and HSPA8.

Figure 2. Exosome markers in ARPE-19 cells. The exosomal marker CD63 is a member of the tetraspanin family, which is highly enriched in exosomes and had been proven to be a protein marker for cancer. As this picture shows, when the ARPE-19 cells were treated with rotenone for 24 hrs to damage their mtDNA and then fed POS for 12 hrs, CD63 and LAMP2 was significantly increase. (Wang, A. L. 2009)

IVD Antibody Development Service Targeting Exosome Marker

Due to the exquisite specificity of antibodies, they are broadly used in immunodiagnostic kits for diagnosis of different diseases. Many exosomal protein biomarkers have been discovered to be possibly useful in the diagnosis of diseases. At Creative Biolabs, to aid in the development of novel IVD kits, we provide high-quality IVD antibody development services against various exosome markers for your project needs. Some of the most popular exosome marker targets are listed in Table 1.

Table 1. Exosome marker targets and their antibodies.

Through our high-quality IVD antibody discovery service, various high-affinity exosome marker antibodies can be developed and will contribute greatly to the success of your projects. Creative Biolabs also specializes in the development of diagnostic immunoassays, including feasibility analysis, prototype development, validation, and production. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for more information and a detailed quote.

References

1. Krämer‐Albers, E. M. (2007). “Oligodendrocytes secrete exosomes containing major myelin and stress‐protective proteins: Trophic support for axons?”. Proteomics-Clinical Applications 1(11), 1446-1461.
2. Wang, A. L. (2009). “Autophagy and exosomes in the aged retinal pigment epithelium: possible relevance to drusen formation and age-related macular degeneration”. PloS one 4(1), e4160.
3. Lin, J. (2015). “Exosomes: novel biomarkers for clinical diagnosis”. The Scientific World Journal, 2015.

For Research Use Only.