IVD Antibody Development Services for Adenosine Deaminase

Nowadays, in vitro diagnostic (IVD) antibodies has been increasingly popular for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases, as well as for monitoring drug therapies. As a leading antibody service provider, Creative Biolabs has launched a series of IVD antibody development services targeting adenosine deaminase (ADA) detection.

Adenosine Deaminase (ADA)

Adenosine deaminase, which is also known as adenosine aminohydrolase or ADA, is an enzyme produced by all cells in human body. However, the highest levels of ADA occur in lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell which develops in lymphoid tissues and plays an essential role in the immune response to infections. These lymphoid tissues involve the thymus, a gland located behind the breastbone, as well as the lymph nodes, which are found throughout the body. ADA is responsible for eliminating a molecule called deoxyadenosine, which is generated in the process of DNA breakdown, by converting deoxyadenosine (that is toxic to lymphocytes) to deoxyinosine (which is not harmful). In addition to adenosine breakdown, ADA has also been supposed to stimulate the release of excitatory amino acids and is essential for the coupling of A1 adenosine receptors and heterotrimeric G proteins.

Fig.1 Adenosinergic pathways. (Antonioli., 2015)

Diagnostic Utility of ADA in Respiratory Disease

Previous studies have shown that serum ADA increases in several diseases where cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is stimulated, such as Behcet's disease, cancers, typhoid, acute nephrotic syndrome, and tuberculosis. Others have further demonstrated that the ADA activity under antigenic stimulation was increased when infected, such as typhoid fever and tuberculosis. The clearance ability of lungs is declined in pathological conditions, resulting in increased numbers of cells in the pleural fluid. And the recirculation of activated T-cells is likely to lead to a high serum ADA activity in patients with pulmonary disease. Due to activation of cell-mediated immunity, serum ADA activity in the tubercular pleural effusion patients is significantly increased as compared to healthy controls. There are increased numbers of T-lymphocytes and macrophages in pleural fluid of tuberculosis patients, which might be relevant to highly elevated ADA activity in such patients.

Antibody Development Service Targeting ADA

Above all, the measurement of ADA in tubercular pleural effusion can be useful for diagnosing respiratory disease, especially tuberculosis, when other clinical and laboratory tests are negative or not available. With advanced technology, Creative Biolabs has successfully established a comprehensive series of IVD antibody development services targeting a wide range of infectious disease markers such as ADA. Moreover, Creative Biolabs provides one-stop diagnostic immunoassay development services, including feasibility analysis, assay design, assay protocol establishment, validation, and production.

Reference

1. Antonioli L, et al. (2015). "Adenosine signalling in diabetes mellitus--pathophysiology and therapeutic considerations." Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 11.4:228.

For Research Use Only.