With abundant experience in developing antibodies for research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications, Creative Biolabs is able to provide a full range of thyroglobulin-specific antibody development services for thyroid cancer diagnosis. We have profound expertise in the in vitro diagnostic (IVD) antibody development field and are willing to share our expertise with our customers to facilitate their brilliant studies.
Introduction of Thyroglobulin
Thyroglobulin (Tg), a dimeric protein encoded by the TG gene, is precursor of the iodinated thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). It is synthesized by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland, secreted and stored in the follicular lumen, and finally released into serum along with the thyroid hormones. Human Tg (HTG) is a homodimer of subunits each containing 2768 amino acids. Each Tg molecule contains approximately 100-120 tyrosine residues, but only a small number of these are subject to iodination by thyroperoxidase in the follicular colloid. It is reported that Tg and thyroid are also an important storage of iodine for all body needs, in particular, for many iodine-concentrating organs such as breast, stomach, salivary glands, thymus, choroid plexus and cerebrospinal fluid, etc. In clinic, Tg is considered to be a special marker for integrity of thyroid gland, as well as a tumor marker of thyroid cancer.
Fig.1 Structure of the Thyroglobulin.
Thyroglobulin in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Tg is a large glycoprotein involved in the production of thyroid hormones, which is synthesized in both normal thyroid tissue and thyroid cancer cells. It is released into the blood circulation as a by-product of normal thyroid hormone production and also secondary to any trauma to the thyroid. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) constitutes the most common type of thyroid cancer and is defined by its origin from the thyroid follicular cell, and absence of anaplastic (undifferentiated) histology on a microscopic level. Serum thyroglobulin is not a diagnostic test for thyroid cancer but is recommended to monitor for recurrence or progression of DTC, as it is synthesized and utilized entirely within the thyroid gland.
Another substance detected is thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), which is generated as a result of an associated lymphocytic thyroiditis or an immune reaction to DTC. It is well known that approximately 25–30% of patients with DTC have serum TgAb that can interfere with Tg measurements. The levels of TgAb and Tg in serum change differently in patients with DTC after treatment. It presented that a prominent transient early increase in Tg levels and falling below baseline by 6 months post-Radioiodine ablation in DTC patients with complete resection. This phenomenon may result from Radioiodine-induced thyroid tissue destruction/inflammation with subsequent release of Tg from the thyroid remnant. TgAb levels decline in the majority of DTC patients treated with total thyroidectomy but not ablated with radioiodine. The levels decrease rapidly after the surgical treatment and continue to decrease over time. The time of disappearance is influenced by the initial TgAb levels and the degree of lymphocytic infiltration.
Fig.2. Summary of Tg testing in DTC. (Evans, 2015)
Features of IVD Antibody Development Services
To aid in the prognosis and diagnosis of sepsis, Creative Biolabs offers an extensive range of IVD antibody development services against thyroglobulin to measure its levels clinically. The features of our services include:
Creative Biolabs specializes in custom antibody and assay development for the diagnosis of a variety of diseases and infections. We have experts who are able to develop high-affinity IVD antibodies against varies of markers. If you are interested in our IVD antibodies discovery services, please contact us for more details.
Reference
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