In terms of the comprehensive structure determination platform, Creative Biolabs can provide tailored structure determination services using small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS).

Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS) measurements are theoretically simple. The essential principles of them are semblable in light scattering, which is commonly applied in biological and pharmaceutical labs to measure the size distribution of formulations with particles in the submicron domain. SANS is an important technique utilizing elastic neutron scattering at small scattering angles to study the structure of a variety of substances at a mesoscopic scale. SAXS experiment is uncomplicated: a sample is kindled by X-rays, and the scattered radiation is recorded by a detector. As the SAXS determinations are done extremely close to the primary beam ("small angles"), the technique immensely benefits from the brilliance of X-ray photon beams offered by particle accelerators. SAXS and SANS can almost meet the requirements of researching large macromolecular complexes which can finish numerous crucial cellular functions. Small-angle scattering (SAS) offers information about the integrated structure and structural transformation of natural biological macromolecules in solutions at a very low resolution (1-2 nm).

Figure 1. A general scheme of an SAS experiment, structural tasks addressed by the technique and its synergistic use  with other methods. (Svergun <em>et al.</em> 2010 Figure 1. A general scheme of an SAS experiment, structural tasks addressed by the technique and its synergistic use with other methods. (Svergun et al. 2010)

SAXS applied to drug delivery

The most important goal of drug delivery is the progress of carrier systems that enable to release drugs in a controlled manner. In recent years, SAXS has offered meritorious information to investigate the structure in self-assembled soft matter systems, which are appropriate for drug delivery. The structure of drug carriers is probably reconstructed through SAXS, alone or loaded with drugs in a spontaneous aqueous condition. SAXS investigations are capable of helping to localize the guest molecules in the self-assembled nanostructures. What's more, information about the structural positioning of the loaded drugs completely connected with the pharmacological activity can also be provided by SAXS.

Applications of SAS in mixtures and flexible systems

SAS models make one easily differentiate between systems where complexes and mixtures are generated. Characteristic possibilities for the analysis of complicated systems and mixtures, and the capacity to structurally characterize biological objects in a highly broad range of sizes make SAS a cogent approach for systematic researches of hierarchical biological systems. SAS can quantitatively characterize flexible macromolecules, and this approach is commonly used to control processes of protein folding/unfolding.

Creative Biolabs has focused on the structure determination for years, with the professional scientists hammering at drug discovery, we are confident in providing incomparable structure determination services using SAXS and SANS to meet every client's needs. For more detailed information, please feel free to contact us or directly sent us an inquiry.

References

  1. Svergun D I (2010). “Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering as a tool for structural systems biology”. Biological chemistry 391(7): 737-743.
  2. Di Cola E (2016). “Small Angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering: Powerful Tools for Studying the Structure of Drug-Loaded Liposomes”. Pharmaceutics 8(2): 10.
  3. Seelenmeyer S (2001). “Small-angle x-ray and neutron scattering studies of the volume phase transition in thermosensitive core–shell colloids”. The Journal of Chemical Physics 114(23): 10471-10478.


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