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1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanol (POPEth) is a specific phosphatidylethanol (PEth) species formed as a direct result of transphosphatidylation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) by phospholipase D (PLD) in the presence of ethanol. POPEth is a reliable, long-term biomarker of chronic alcohol consumption as it incorporates into the erythrocyte membrane and exhibits low metabolic turnover.