Interferons (IFNs) are a series of cytokines involved in the immune system’s response to pathogens and dysfunctional cell activity. As molecular messengers, IFNs are involved in immune regulation, antiviral protection, and tumor suppression. Beyond their traditional role in cancer treatment, IFNs play an important diagnostic and research role in the context of autoimmune disorders, viral infections, and therapeutic testing. IFNs can be measured by any of a variety of techniques such as flow cytometry (FC), enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence (IF).

Creative Biolabs, with several years of experience in immunological analysis and cytokine monitoring services, provides cutting-edge Interferon (IFN) production measurement services to advance scientific and clinical research. As experts on Interferons, Creative Biolabs offers advanced custom analytic services by combining our software with multiplex analyzers, such as FC, ELISA, and IF assay. With our Ex Vivo Immune Reactivity Assessment Service, we offer customized, extremely sensitive assays for IFN measurement for a variety of research applications. Our renowned scientists are ready to begin working on your assignments.

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Background

What are Interferons?

Interferons (IFNs) are an important group of cytokines. They work as signal proteins communicating between cells to trigger defenses against pathogens. The interferons released by the infected cells could call their nearby cells together to participate in the anti-pathogen fight. The IFNs, integrated with the intrinsic mechanisms of the immune system, could profoundly influence the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy treatment. It is an important tool to value the immune effect of Engineered Cancer Cells with the self-destruction strategy.

Classification of Interferons

There are three distinct classes of IFNs, type I, type II, and Type III. Many kinds of cells could produce type I IFNs, including IFNα and IFNβ. Type I IFNs could be elicited by a wide variety of stimuli, including factors from the host, viruses, and bacteria. Type II IFN, IFNγ, is one of the pro-inflammatory factors, mainly produced by natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and activated T cells. Production of IFN-γ is a vital innate immune mechanism that limits the replication of intracellular bacteria before the adaptive immune responses. These cytokines are classified into three primary types based on their receptor specificity and functional characteristics:

IFN Production Measurement Services

We offer advanced custom analytic service through the combined use of our software and multiplex analyzers, including FC, ELISA, and IF assay. You can choose the most suitable method according to your needs, if you are not sure, please ask for help from our experts as soon as possible.

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IFN Production Measurement by FC

The FC assay allows the measurement of IFNs' production by defined cell populations. As for the flow cytometry procedure, after cell stimulation, regents are added to prevent cytokine secretion from the cells. Then cells will be fixed, permeabilized, intracellular stained with antibodies against IFNs, and finally detected by Flow Cytometer. The lab of Creative Biolabs is equipped with a Flow cytometer which has multiple lasers and fluorescent channels. Our experienced experts will do cell sorting or cell analysis with limited cell subpopulations for the measurement of IFN production.

IFN Production Measurement by ELISA

ELISA could be used to measure IFNs that are secreted into the supernatant by stimulated cells. ELISA is more sensitive than FC, while could not identify the IFN-producing cells. As for the ELISA procedure, 96-well plates will be incubated overnight with the capture Antibody. The next day, block the wells' surface sufficiently to prevent non-specific bindings, then add the sample or IFN standards, and finally, the labeled secondary antibody will detect the existence of IFNs. Between these steps, we need to wash plates to remove the background. In the end, we read the absorbance on a spectrofluorometer. The lab of Creative Biolabs is equipped with an automated full-wavelength spectrofluorometer. Our experienced experts will do ELISA for the IFN production measurement you need.

IFN Production Measurement by IF

IF is a visualized immunochemical technique that permits sensitive detection and accurate localization of Interferons in different types of tissue or cell type. For intracellular staining, cells were then fixed, treated with permeabilization buffer, and followed by staining with fluorescent molecule conjugated anti-mouse IFNs antibody while Nuclei will be counterstained. Images will be acquired using a fluorescence microscope. The lab of Creative Biolabs is equipped with a couple of fluorescence microscopes that have multiple lasers and fluorescent channels. Our experienced experts will do IF for the production measurement of IFNs you needed.

Fig.1 Detecting IFN production by immunofluorescence.¹

Complementary Methods

Why Choose Us?

Partner with Creative Biolabs to leverage our advanced Interferon (IFN) production measurement services for cutting-edge research. Contact us today to discuss your project requirements and explore how our expertise can elevate your immunotherapy assay development or cytokine analysis services.

Reference

1. De Pascalis, Roberto, et al. "Production of IFN-γ by splenic dendritic cells during innate immune responses against Francisella tularensis LVS depends on MyD88, but not TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9." Plos one 15.8 (2020): e0237034. Distributed under Open Access license CC0.

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