T24 In Vitro TUNEL-based DNA Fragmentation Assay (Apoptosis ) (CAT#: ITS-1022-YF3191)

T24

Human

The T24 cell line was established from a transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in a female patient in 1973. Reports in the literature indicated a wide range of tumorigenicity for T24 when injected subcutaneously in immunocompromised murine hosts.

Bladder Cancer

Oncology

In Vitro TUNEL-based DNA Fragmentation Assay (Apoptosis )

T24-cell based In Vitro TUNEL-based DNA Fragmentation Assay (Apoptosis )

The enzyme TdT catalyzes the addition of labeled dUTP (fluorescent) to the 3'-OH DNA termini generated by the enzyme cellular endonuclease. DNA breaks can also be detected by FCM or fluorescence microscopy.

Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)

Detection of Apoptosis Assays

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) plays a vital role in embryonic development, homeostasis, functioning of immune system and wound repair. The ability to evade induction of apoptosis has been used by cancer cells to survive against host defense mechanisms. The molecular mechanisms involved in cancer cell apoptosis have been well documented and it involves certain biochemical events such as DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, cell organelle degradation and protein cleavage, etc. The extrinsic and intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathways are the two major pathways involved in apoptosis. With the available techniques and assays, a number of apoptosis inducing agents (natural compounds, synthetic compounds, nano-formulations, peptides and enzymes) in many cancer cells have been identified. Selection of an assay for apoptosis detection is based on factors such as apoptotic pathway, nature of drug, cell type being used and the method of analysis.

DNA Fragmentation and Damage Assays

DNA Fragmentation Assay