MAGT1 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of MAGT1

Magnesium transporter subtype 1 (MAGT1) is a newly evolved and conserved magnesium membrane transporter with channel-like properties present in human epithelial cells. It has been documented that the predominant form of MAGT1 in vivo is oxidized, which is consistent with the transient formation of mixed disulfides between MAGT1 and a glycoprotein substrate. In this process, the lumenally oriented active site CVVC motif in MAGT1 is required for glycosylation of STT3B-dependent acceptor sites, which is an important mechanism to achieve N-glycosylation of cysteine proximal acceptor sites.

Function of MAGT1 Membrane Protein

The basic function of MAGT1 is believed to import Mg²⁺ into the cytoplasm. Magnesium (Mg²⁺) has been reported to exert regulatory functions in immune cells, thereby affecting proliferation, cell cycle, and differentiation. Recently, Mg²⁺ transporters and channels have been identified to regulate Mg²⁺ homeostasis in T lymphocytes. Among them, MAGT1 has been proposed to play a key role in the regulation of free cytoplasmic magnesium concentration and is associated with X-linked immunodeficiency and Mg²⁺ deficiency, EBV infection and neoplasia syndrome. Patients who are deficient in MAGT1 often exhibit chronic EBV infection, which may induce EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, such as Hodgkin, Burkitt or non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. In addition, MAGT1 can catalyze the cotranslational transfer of high-mannose sugars to nascent polypeptides during N-linked glycosylation in the rough endoplasmic reticulum lumen.

Fig.1 The top panel shows the MAGTs transmembrane domain (TM), the actuator domain (A), the phosphorylation domain (P) and the nucleotide-binding domain (N). MAGT transports Mg²⁺ ions to the cytoplasm as a function of ATP hydrolysis, and (m) represents an unknown stoichiometry. (Subramani, 2016)

Application of MAGT1 Membrane Protein in Literature

1. Beggs M.R., et al. Expression of Trans- and Paracellular Calcium and Magnesium Transport Proteins in Renal and Intestinal Epithelia During Lactation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2017, 313(3): F629-F640. PubMed ID: 28539338
   
   

   This article finds that proteins involved in the transcellular Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ transport pathways increase, while the expression of paracellular transporters remains unchanged during lactation.

2. Xun Q., et al. MagT1 is essential for Drosophila development through the shaping of Wnt and Dpp signaling pathways. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2018, 503(2): 1148-1153. PubMed ID: 29959918

This article suggests that MagT1 is a major magnesium transporter/channel that is deeply involved in the development of flies by affecting developmental signaling pathways.

3. Gotru S.K., et al. Cutting Edge: Imbalanced Cation Homeostasis in MAGT1-Deficient B Cells Dysregulates B Cell Development and Signaling in Mice. Journal of Immunology. 2018, 200(8): 2529-2534. PubMed ID: 29581357
   
   

   This study demonstrates for the first time that abolishing MAGT1 function leads to imbalances in cation homeostasis and developmental responses in B cells.

4. Wakeman C.A., et al. Assessment of the Requirements for Magnesium Transporters in Bacillus subtilis. Journal of Bacteriology. 2014, 196(6): 1206-14. PubMed ID: 24415722
   
   

   This article shows that the mgtE protein provides the primary pathway for magnesium import in Bacillus subtilis and that other putative transporters may be used for more specialized growth conditions.

5. Chen Z.C., et al. A magnesium transporter OsMGT1 plays a critical role in salt tolerance in rice. Plant Physiology. 2017, 174(3): 1837-1849. PubMed ID: 28487477
   
   

   This article suggests that Mg²⁺ transported by OsMGT1 in the root mature region enhances the activity of OsHKT1; 5 and restricts the accumulation of Na on the shoots.

MAGT1 Preparation Options

Membrane protein studies have advanced significantly over the past few years. Based on our versatile Magic™ membrane protein production platform, we could offer a series of membrane protein preparation services for worldwide customers in reconstitution forms as well as multiple active formats. Aided by our versatile Magic™ anti-membrane protein antibody discovery platform, we also provide customized anti-MAGT1 antibody development services.

• Magic™ Membrane Protein Production Platform
• Magic™ Anti-Membrane Protein Antibody Discovery Platform

During the past years, Creative Biolabs has successfully generated many functional membrane proteins for our global customers. We are happy to accelerate the development of our clients’ programs with our one-stop, custom-oriented service. For more detailed information, please feel free to contact us.

Reference

1. Subramani S, et al. (2016). The magnesium transporter A is activated by cardiolipin and is highly sensitive to free magnesium in vitro. Elife. 18: 5.

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