NAA Associated Alzheimer's Disease
As a leading service provider in the scientific research industry, Creative Biolabs has gained good reputation and significant knowledge in NAA-related neurological disease, particularly in Alzheimer's disease. We are happy to provide global customers with our expertise and best services to facilitate their related researches. Now, we can provide a series of NAA products and NAA services on Alzheimer's disease aided by our advanced technology platform and professional technical team.
What is Alzheimer's Disease?
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that gradually destroys memory and other important mental functions. AD is the most common pattern of dementia and getting more severe over time, which mainly affects the elders.
➢ Symptoms and Signs
The symptoms are characterized by progressive and chronic deterioration of cognitive functions which mainly can be classified into four stages as follows:
- Pre-dementia, not AD: representations are short-term memory loss, apathy, depression, irritability, and reduced exact-remembering, which also referred to mild cognitive impairment clinically.
- Early stage: this stage mostly presents that learning and memory impairments, even language problems and certain movement coordination difficulties.
- Middle stage: evident deterioration of speech difficulties, reading and writing impairments, and memory problems. Patients suffering from sleeping problems, behavioral and neuropsychiatric changes.
- Late stage: commonly characterized by speech worsen even loss, extreme apathy and exhaustion, muscle mass and mobility deteriorate.
➢ Causes and Pathogenesis
The exact causes of AD have not fully understood yet, but factors as age, genetics or family history, physical and environmental influence may contribute to or at least increase the risks of AD. Causes and pathogenesis of AD may be elucidated by several hypotheses as follows:
- Genetics: various genetic research has been conducted and found that genetics or family history did affect the risk of the AD, and mutations in the TREM2 gene are more likely to develop AD.
- Amyloid hypothesis: extracellular amyloid beta deposits in the brain or amyloid beta-related proteins have been postulated to be causes of AD.
- Other hypothesizes: besides Amyloid hypothesis, other hypothesizes are also proposed by scientists to explain AD such as cholinergic hypothesis, Tau hypothesis, neurovascular hypothesis, oligodendrocytes, and associated myelin hypothesis, etc.
Fig.1 Early warning signs of Alzheimer's disease.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
AD is a chronic disease with slow progression, and there is no definitive evidence for an accurate and timely diagnosis. Observing and inquiring symptoms, neurological assessments, and biomarkers detection recently are helpful for AD diagnosis.
The Association Between Alzheimer's Disease and Natural Autoantibodies
There is no certain cure for AD, medicines can only help improve some symptoms. Definitive diagnosis of AD in the early stage holds great benefits for early therapeutic intervention and treatment. Compelling evidence has indicated that the immune system and autoantibodies against a diversity of molecules are associated with AD. Scientific researches are focusing on and developing some natural autoantibodies as potentially effective biomarkers for the AD. The related natural autoantibody biomarkers include:
| Natural Autoantibodies Targets in Alzheimer's Disease | ||||
| Anti-Aβ | Anti-Tau | Anti-NMDAR | Anti-Glutamate | Anti-Nuclear antibody (ANA) |
| Anti-5-HT | Anti-Phospholipid | Anti-ATP Synthase | NAA Services for Anti-AT1R | Anti-Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (oxLDL) |
Fig.2 Potential roles of autoantibodies in Alzheimer’s disease. (Wu, 2016)
Based on years of research experience in Alzheimer disease and first-in-class technologies, Creative Biolabs has successfully provided a wide range of products and services on Alzheimer disease and associated NAA markers study. Just directly contact us for more detailed information.
Reference:
- Wu, J.M. and Li, L. Autoantibodies in Alzheimer’s disease: potential biomarkers, pathogenic roles, and therapeutic implications. The Journal of Biomedical Research. 2016, 30(5): 361-372.
Choosing natural autoantibody (NAA) microarray to profile autoantibody repertoire and reveal novel disease's marker.
- NAA Services for Anti-Aβ Antibodies
- NAA Services for Anti-Tau Antibodies
- NAA Services for Anti-Glutamate Receptor Antibodies
- NAA Services for Anti-Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (oxLDL) Antibodies
- NAA Services for Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies
- NAA Services for Anti-AT1R
- NAA Services for Anti-5-HT
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