NAA Services for Anti-β2-Glycoprotein-I Antibody
There is an increasing body of evidence that the presence of anti-β2-glycoprotein-I (β2GPI) antibodies has a physiologic and pathological relevance with innate immunity and atherosclerosis development. Creative Biolabs is a pioneer and undisputed global leader in the rapidly emerging market for diagnosis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. We offer a full range of autoantibody services for the research of β2GPI towards atherothrombosis. We guarantee to provide services with the best quality and the most competitive prices to promote your project.
Background of Anti-β2-glycoprotein-I Antibody
The plasmatic β2GPI consists of 326 amino acids, arranged in 5 highly homologous complement control protein domains, designated domain I to V from the N- to the C-terminus. β2GPI is a protein that can adopt different conformations. In the presence of anionic phospholipids, lipopolysaccharide, or hydrophilic surfaces, the circular conformation of the protein unfolds, exposing antigenic determinants that are normally shielded from the circulation. One of these “cryptic” antigenic determinants is the epitope for the pathologic autoantibodies present in within domain I (DI), such as β2GPI.
Fig.1 Domains of β2GPI. (Sorice, 2018)
The existence of autoantibodies against β2GPI was described for the first time in 1990. Anti-β2GPI antibodies are the pathologic subpopulation of the antiphospholipid antibodies. Studies showed the evidence that anti-β2GPI antibodies are responsible for both the thrombotic and the pregnancy complications associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).
Fog.2 Sequence of events leading to cellular activation by β2GPI-antibody complexes. (Sara, 2018)
The Role of Anti-β2-glycoprotein-I Antibody in Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis, is a multifactorial disease for which a number of pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed. β2GPI is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis to explain cardiovascular manifestations of the syndrome. It was suggested that the development of anti-β2GPI-specific immune responses in the target organ may contribute to atherothrombosis. A crucial component of the atherosclerotic plaque infiltrate is represented by β2GPI-driven Th1 autoimmune responses, which may result in a breakdown of tolerance associated with chronic inflammation, plaque instability, and atherothrombosis.
Fig.3 Endothelial activation during atherosclerosis. (Szekanecz, 2007)
What We Can Do about NAA?
With years of development and effort, our services can cover every step of NAA research to meet different demands. Our comprehensive NAA services mainly include NAA detection, NAA profiling, NAA epitope mapping, etc. A wide spectrum of NAA products is also available for your choice.
As a long-term expert in antibody analysis and disease diagnosis, Creative Biolabs owns lots of scientists who are proficient in NAA research. Our professional scientists are pleased to provide the custom services against β2GPI for atherothrombosis to facilitate diagnostic sensitivity. If you are interested in our NAA services, please contact us for more details.
References:
- Sorice, M.; Misasi, R. Different domains of β 2-glycoprotein I play a role in autoimmune pathogenesis. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2018, 1.
- Sara, T.; et al. Antiphospholipid syndrome: An update on risk factors for pregnancy outcome. Autoimmunity reviews. 2018.
- Szekanecz, Z.; et al. Accelerated atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2007, 1108(1): 349-358.