NAA Services for Anti-GAD65
As an acknowledged antibody service provider, Creative Biolabs offers various natural autoantibodies (NAA) services to help our customers obtain ideal laboratory test results, thus contributing to your research and projects successfully. At present, we are able to provide anti-GAD65 marker services for disease diagnosis and treatment. Our professional and technical scientists can not only save our customers' valuable time but also provide high-quality services for our clients from all over the world.
Background of Anti-GAD65 Antibodies
Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is an enzyme that can catalyze the decarboxylation of glutamate to CO2 and GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid) which is a potent inhibitory neurotransmitter and a critical component of neurophysiologic function. In terms of gene or protein structure and function, GAD involves two major protein subtypes. The GAD 65-kilodalton isoform (GAD65) antibody is a biomarker of autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disorders and, more commonly, non-neurological autoimmune diseases. Anti-GAD65 antibodies (GAD65Ab) are a type of autoantibodies against the GAD65 which are associated with a spectrum of diseases including type 1 diabetes (T1D), stiff-person syndrome (SPS), cerebellar ataxia (CA), Batten disease, autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS) type 1. In addition, GAD65Ab are also found in patients with drug-refractory epilepsy, palatal myoclonus and so on.
Fig.1 Schematic model of GABA production. (Kanaani, 2010)
The Role of Anti-GAD65 Antibodies in NAA Associated Type 1 Diabetes
T1D is a form of diabetes mellitus characterized by very little or no insulin produced in the pancreas. The typical symptoms of T1D are frequent urination, increased thirst, enhanced hunger, and significant weight loss. GAD antibodies are a group of diabetes-related antibodies that instruct the immune system to destroy insulin-producing pancreatic cells. Over the past two decades, GAD65, a T1D autoantigen, has become a typical autoantigen, producing a wealth of immunological and clinical insights. Anti-GAD65 autoantibodies are detectable in the sera of 76% of patients with T1D mellitus. GAD65 autoantibodies can accurately predict T1D development and they also are regarded as the most sensitive and specific biomarker which identifies a subset of clinically diagnosed T1D. Thus, autoantibodies against GAD65 are a valuable predictor of risk and progression to obvious autoimmune diabetes. The combination of GAD65 and other autoantigens in the determination of T1D autoantibodies has a reliable and accurate predictive application.
Fig.2 The role of autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes. (Roep, 2010)
What We Can Do about NAA?
Aided by our first-rate technology platforms and prominent scientists, we are able to offer a variety of NAA services include NAA detection, NAA profiling, NAA Affinity Measurement, NAA epitope mapping, and paratope mapping. A wide range of NAA products is available for your choice.
Features of Our Services
- First-rate platform
- Seasoned scientist
- High efficiency and timely
- Cost-effective service
Creative Biolabs is a forward-looking antibody research institution and a provider who leads the development of the era while offering the best NAA services to the customers all around the world. Our experienced experts in antibody detection and analysis are pleased to provide NAA research services for GAD65 marker. We have extensive experience in generating immunodiagnosis antibodies. Please do not hesitate to contact us for more details.
References:
- Kanaani, J. Two distinct mechanisms target gad67 to vesicular pathways and presynaptic clusters. Journal of Cell Biology. 2010, 190(5): 911-925.
- Roep, B.O.; Peakman, M. Surrogate end points in the design of immunotherapy trials: emerging lessons from type 1 diabetes. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2010, 10(2): 145-152.
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