NGS-based HLA Tissue Typing

Detection of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) can provide important reference information for the treatment of immune diseases. However, to obtain high-resolution HLA typing results through conventional methods generally requires multiple analyses, systems, and analytical procedures. Creative Biolabs can perform HLA typing by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), generates unambiguous, phase-resolved results using a single assay, system, and analysis program.

Introduction to HLA Tissue Typing

The HLA complex is the most polymorphic genetic system in the human genome and is located in the 6P21.31 region of the short arm of chromosome 6, which is 3,600 kb long. In 1999, all sequence analysis and gene mapping were completed. A total of 128 of the 224 loci were identified as functional genes in this region, of which 39.8% were related to immune function. The DNA sequence of many gene seats in the HLA complex has many variants in the population, that is, HLA contains a large number of alleles. Because the odds of parents having all the same HLA genes on chromosome 6 are small, each individual inherits different HLA genes and their products. HLA allele frequency is not only significantly different in different populations and regions but also correlated with some diseases. HLA typing provides an effective means for organ transplantation recipients and selection, and is also used in forensic DNA typing and paternity testing. Therefore, HLA typing not only provides important scientific data for understanding ethnic origin and migration but also plays an important role in medical practice. However, high HLA polymorphism also makes it difficult to find suitable donors for organ transplantation.

NGS for HLA Tissue Typing

Since the advent of PCR, DNA-based HLA typing technology has made significant progress. DNA typing can achieve higher HLA resolution and therefore has a better diagnostic effect than serotyping. It has become the standard procedure in many clinical applications, especially for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) matching, and helps to study the role of HLA in the pathophysiology of disease. The application of NGS for HLA typing first requires PCR amplification of target genes on the genome, quantitative purification and connection to indexed adaptors to prepare the library, and finally NGS platform for sequencing and analysis of the results. The combined approach of NGS based advanced methods for increased sequence lengths and advanced bioinformatics tools has potentially emerged as the gold standard for accurate typing of HLA variants and generation of full-length HLA haplotypes without phase ambiguity.

By accurately identifying the association between HLA and disease at the allele level, and using accurate data from NGS-based population genetics studies, Creative Biolabs' NGS technology service provides a comprehensive and definitive examination of the wide range of polymorphisms in HLA regions, which will help customers advance the field of HLA and disease research. We believe that NGS, with its high throughput, scalability, and speed, enables researchers to perform a variety of applications and research biological systems at unprecedented levels.

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