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HighlightsOPN1LW is a gene existing on the X chromosome and encodes a long wave sensitive (LWS) opsin. It takes the responsibility to regulate perception of visible light in the yellow-green range on the visible spectrum (around 500-570nm). The gene contains 6 exons with variability that induces shifts in the spectral range. OPN1LW is subject to homologous recombination with OPN1MW, as the two have very similar genomes. These recombinations can lead to various vision problems, such as red-green colorblindness and blue monochromacy. The protein encoded by OPN1LW is a G-protein coupled receptor with embedded 11-cis-retinal, whose light excitation causes a cis-trans conformational change that begins the process of chemical signaling to the brain.
| Basic Information of OPN1LW | |
| Protein Name | Long-wave-sensitive opsin 1 |
| Gene Name | OPN1LW |
| Aliases | Red cone photoreceptor pigment, Red-sensitive opsin (ROP) |
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) |
| UniProt ID | P04000 |
| Transmembrane Times | 7 |
| Length (aa) | 364 |
| Sequence | MAQQWSLQRLAGRHPQDSYEDSTQSSIFTYTNSNSTRGPFEGPNYHIAPRWVYHLTSVWMIFVVTASVFTNGLVLAATMKFKKLRHPLNWILVNLAVADLAETVIASTISIVNQVSGYFVLGHPMCVLEGYTVSLCGITGLWSLAIISWERWLVVCKPFGNVRFDAKLAIVGIAFSWIWSAVWTAPPIFGWSRYWPHGLKTSCGPDVFSGSSYPGVQSYMIVLMVTCCIIPLAIIMLCYLQVWLAIRAVAKQQKESESTQKAEKEVTRMVVVMIFAYCVCWGPYTFFACFAAANPGYAFHPLMAALPAYFAKSATIYNPVIYVFMNRQFRNCILQLFGKKVDDGSELSSASKTEVSSVSSVSPA |
OPN1LW is a red-sensitive opsin. It resides in disks of the outer segment of LWS cone cells which mediate photopic vision along with MWS and SWS cones. Cone representation in the retina is not as big as rod representation, with the majority of cones localizing in the fovea. The 11-cis-retinal chromophore within the opsin protein becomes excited with reaching of LWS opsin spectral range. This excitation can bring about a conformational change in the protein and then trigger a series of chemical reactions. This reaction series transfers from the LWS cone cells into horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, and finally ganglion cells before continuing to the brain via the optic nerve. Ganglion cells compile the signal from the LWS cones with all other cone signals that occurred in response to the light that was seen and pass the overall signal into the optic nerve.
Fig.1 Structure of OPN1LW.
The study suggests that special variants in OPN1LW can bring about both syndromic and nonsyndromic X-linked high myopia mapped to MYP1.
This article establishes intrachromosomal gene conversion in the male germline as an underlying mechanism and postulates gene conversion in the OPN1LW/OPN1MW genes.
This article shows that mutations in the OPN1LW/OPN1MW cone opsin gene array can cause a spectrum of phenotypes, from color blindness to progressive cone dystrophy (XLCOD5).
This book shows mutations in OPN1LW and OPN1MW will cause a wide array of X-linked conditions ranging from red-green dyschromatopsia, blue cone monochromacy (BCM), cone/cone-rod dystrophy, and high myopia.
The article suggests that human cones in patients with deletions in the red/green opsin gene array can survive in reduced numbers with limited outer segment material, suggesting the potential value of gene therapy for BCM.
We keep in a leading position of membrane protein studies over the past few years. Based on our versatile Magic™ membrane protein production platform, we can provide a series of advanced membrane protein preparation services in reconstitution forms as well as multiple active formats for worldwide customers. Aided by our versatile Magic™ anti-membrane protein antibody discovery platform, we also provide customized anti-OPN1LW antibody development services.
During the past years, Creative Biolabs has successfully generated many functional membrane proteins for our global customers. It’s our responsibility to boost the development of our clients’ programs with our experienced service. For more details, please feel free to contact us.
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