Polypeptide and protein drugs refer to polypeptide and protein biopharmaceuticals for prevention, treatment, and diagnosis. Polypeptides are compounds in which alpha-amino acids are linked together by peptide chains, which are also intermediates in protein hydrolysis. The N polypeptide chain is entangled in a certain spatial structure to form a protein. In contrast, macromolecular proteins also produce polypeptides upon hydrolysis. Although the overall trend of these drugs is "humanized", these drugs are still immunogenic in the clinical setting and require scientists to explore. Creative Biolabs has a rich background in protein drug immunogenicity, a top design team and a high-quality technology platform to help you reduce clinical adverse reactions.
Peptide and protein biopharmaceuticals can be classified into amino acids and their derivatives, peptides and protein drugs, enzymes and coenzymes, nucleic acids and their degradants and derivatives, and carbohydrates, lipid drugs, cell growth factors and biologic drugs.
Clinically, therapeutic proteins have been shown to activate immune cells in the body, causing an immune response, and a large number of antibodies continue to be produced. Such conditions can easily cause adverse reactions and toxic side effects of the body. Despite the convenience of routine animal model testing, it is difficult to deduce the immunogenicity of the drug in humans. Therefore, further research is needed for the detection and removal of immunogenicity.
T-cell epitope mapping algorithms
The key amino acids in T cells are identified and substituted by computer calculations which are often responsible for stimulating the immune response. More importantly, the effects of this substitution on protein structure can also be assessed using computer simulations. Besides, structural modifications can be made to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles to inhibit activated T cells.
PEGylation
The polyethylene glycol modifier is a polyethylene glycol with a functional group, also called modified polyethylene glycol, a modified PEG that currently was used for protein and peptide drug modification to increase the half-life in vivo, reduce immunogenicity, and also increase the water solubility of the drug. PEGylation can increase protein solubility and fluid dynamics, which promotes therapeutic proteins to evade kidney metabolism and prolong circulation time in the body.
Fig.1 Stimulation of T helper (Th) cells by antigens. (Weber, 2009)
Creative Biolabs provides a variety of peptide and protein drug de-immunization services to reduce immunogenicity and adverse reactions. If you are interested in our de-immunization services, please contact us and we will provide you with technical support and services as soon as possible.
Reference
All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.