Stem Cell-derived Exosome Application
- Wharton's Jelly MSC Source
Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from wharton's Jelly tissue between neonatal umbilical cord vessels. Due to their easy availability, WJMSCs have become an important source of stem cell-derived exosomes (SC-Exos) and have shown promising application prospects. Creative Biolabs summarized the characteristics and promising applications of exosomes derived from WJMSCs (WJMSCs-Exos).
Fig. 1 Enhancement of acellular cartilage matrix scaffold by WJMSCs-Exos to promote osteochondral regeneration. (Jiang, 2021)
Why Develop Exosomes from Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (WJMSCs-Exos)
Wharton's jelly is a gel-like substance in the umbilical cord. Compared with MSCs from other parts of umbilical cord tissue, WJ MSCs are the most abundant. The isolation technique of WJMSCs is simple and the amount of isolation is large. Most importantly, their source is discarded tissue (no ethical issues), which makes WJMSCs the preferred cell source in the umbilical cord tissue. WJMSCs have been found in preclinical and clinical trials to potentially treat a variety of diseases. However, issues such as strict storage and transportation conditions and potential immune rejection hinder the development of WJMSCs therapy. Moreover, due to the paracrine effect, many scholars believe that SC-Exos are a new tool to replace stem cells in the treatment of many diseases. Therefore, WJMSCs-Exos have entered the range of drug candidates for disease treatment research.
Owing to the above properties, WJMSCs-Exos have shown great promise in various therapeutic applications.
How WJMSCs-Exos Exert Therapeutic Potential
Neural-related diseases
intranasal administration (IA) of WJMSCs-Exos significantly reduced neuroinflammation in rats by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokine and the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 pathway in glial cells. IA of WJMSCs-Exos significantly inhibited the apoptosis of neurons and contributed to the improvement of neural repair after brain injury. Exosomes released from WJMSCs pretreated with ginkgolide A significantly inhibited α-synuclein aggregation and restored neural function.
Tissue regeneration
WJMSCs-Exos can significantly promote cartilage regeneration by promoting the proliferation of chondrocytes, the polarization of macrophages, and inhibiting inflammation. WJMSCs-Exos effectively inhibited osteocyte apoptosis in a rat model of femoral head necrosis through the miR-21-PTEN-AKT signaling pathway. A large amount of α-2-macroglobulin in WJMSCs-Exos can promote mouse skin wound healing.
Drug delivery
WJMSCs-Exos loaded with paclitaxel can inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cervical cancer cells and promote the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells in vitro. WJMSCs-Exos loaded with miR-124 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma in vitro.
Microbial infection
The combined administration of WJMSCs-Exos and imipenem effectively amplified the inhibition of inflammation and the promotion of apoptosis caused by E. coli infection. The combined administration of WJMSCs-Exos and aloe-emodin effectively amplifies the killing effect on Leishmania and promotes the healing of the induced wound.
Immunodeficiency
Co-culture of WJMSCs-Exos and neutrophils significantly inhibited the apoptosis of neutrophils and enhanced their phagocytic ability. Since neutrophils are one of the key cells involved in pathogen clearance, WJMSCs-Exos may be beneficial for immunodeficiency diseases.
Graft-versus-host disease
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) enriched in WJMSCs-Exos can inhibit the activation of T cells, which suggests that WJMSCs-Exos can be used to develop the treatment of graft-versus-host disease.
Lymphedema
WJMSCs-Exos significantly promoted lymphangiogenesis by releasing angiopoietin-2 to lymphatic endothelial cells and initiating the subsequent intracellular Prospero Homeobox 1/Akt pathway, thereby improving lymphatic function in lymphedema mouse models.
Lung injury
The implantation of bone marrow-derived myeloid cells (BMDMCs) pretreated with WJMSCs-Exos can promote the conversion of BMDMCs to an immunosuppressive phenotype and restore the alveolar structure, promote pulmonary angiogenesis, inhibit lung inflammation, and finally improve lung injury.
However, before WJMSCs-Exos are widely used in the clinic, more research is needed to fully understand their mechanism of action and optimize their production and delivery methods. Creative Biolabs is a professional supplier that can provide Exo one-stop service, helping you screen and study the functions of key molecules in Exos, properly modify Exos and mass-produce usable Exos. If you would like to develop the therapeutic potential of Exos, please contact us.
Reference
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Jiang, S.; Tian, G.; et al. Enhancement of acellular cartilage matrix scaffold by wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes to promote osteochondral regeneration. Bioactive Materials. 2021. 6(9):2711-2728.
For Research Use Only. Cannot be used by patients.
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