Immunoassay

Introduction of Immunoassay

An immunoassay is a biochemical methodology employed to quantify the existence or concentration of a macromolecule or small molecule in a solution through the utilization of antibodies or antigens. The molecule under investigation, termed the "analyte," is commonly a protein but can encompass diverse molecules of varying sizes and types, provided suitable antibodies with requisite properties are developed. Immunoassays are extensively employed in medical and research settings to measure analytes in biological fluids like serum or urine. Various labels, such as enzymes, radioactive isotopes, and DNA reporters, are utilized in immunoassays to enable the detection of antibodies and antigens through chemical conjugation or linkage.

BsAbs in Immunoassay

The primary benefit of employing BsAbs in immunodiagnostics lies in maximizing specific activity and functional efficiency, as each antibody molecule is linked to a signal-generating entity. This not only accelerates diagnostic assays but also enhances the sensitivity and specificity of detection. BsAbs notably diminish false positive reactions, particularly in assays like ELISA. Moreover, BsAb usage in immunohistochemistry results in reduced background, precise morphological details, clear identification of immune-reactive sites, and enhanced ultrastructural resolution. As an example, a BsAb that targets both alkaline phosphatase and human thyroid-stimulating hormone can function as a sandwich ELISA for TSH detection. This eliminates the requirement for covalently linked AP-mAb conjugates and minimizes non-specific protein interactions. Consequently, the sensitivity of TSH detection increases in correlation with AP polymerization.

Creative Biolabs provides a wide range of more than 100 BsAb options to support research in immunoassay therapy. Customization services are available to meet specific research needs for immunoassay conditions. We are prepared to aid your scientific and medical research endeavors.

Fig. 1 Representative bioassays for BsAb.¹