Microbiota-Immune Interactions: Gut-Brain Axis

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Background of Microbiota-Immune Interactions: Gut-Brain Axis

During the past decade, the involvement of the microbiome-immune interactions between gut and brain has become the focus of many scientists, setting the microbiota-gut-brain axis as an area of research. A growing number of related studies are exploring the possible roles of microbiota-gut-brain axis in memory, learning, stress, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut-brain axis (GBA) involves two-way communication between the central and the enteric nervous system, linking the brain’s emotional and cognitive centers to peripheral intestinal functions. The gut microbiota can influence the maturation and function of immune system that subsequently changes the brain and behavior activity. Mucosal immune response promotes the establishment of the intestinal microbiome by mediating host-microbe symbiosis, and influences immune activities such as antibody production and T cell numbers. These host-microbe interactions can alter immunity in the brain, affecting the maturation and activation of microglia and astrocytes. In addition, the resident brain cells and peripheral immune cells play a key role in MGB axis communication, with signal loss leading to inflammatory disease and impaired neurogenesis in the central nervous system. In summary, the communications of microbiota-immune interactions: gut-brain axis play an important role in maintaining homeostasis.

Pathways of immune signaling regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Fig.1 Pathways of immune signaling regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis. (Salvo-Romero, 2020)

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Reference

  1. Salvo-Romero, E.; et al. Microbiota-immune interactions: From gut to brain. LymphoSign Journal. 2020, 7(1):1-23.

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