The complement system is a crucial part of innate immune defenses against invading pathogens in the human body. Therefore, there is much interest in the development of complement component 5 (C5)-targeted therapeutics. With advanced and high-end technologies, rich experienced scientists, Creative Biolabs has been an excellent service provider in the field of tumor marker assay. After long years ahead to fully comprehend tumor markers, we launch our C5 assay portfolio service which can be useful for targeted cancer therapy and diagnosis.
Various cells in the microenvironment which is closely corrected with the generation of a tumor, such as lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and various molecules, such as complement and cytokines, are involved in the proliferation, metastasis, and survival of tumor cells. The complement component is a protein with enzyme activity. As a part of the innate defense immune system, the complement system is participated in the ntimicrobial defense, clearance of immune complexes and apoptotic cells, and finally immune regulation, and plays an essential role in the elimination and identification of invasive pathogenic microorganisms.
The complement system is composed of more than 30 membrane-binding proteins, intracellular proteins, and extracellular proteins. Complement activation occurs through three main pathways: the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway.
C5, the initiator of the effector phase of the complement system, is a kind of plasma glycoprotein synthesized in the liver, lymphocytes, and monocytes. The activation of the complement system can make C5 cleaved into C5a and C5b by C5 convertase. C5a is a potent anaphylatoxin that can facilitate acute inflammatory responses, and C5b can initiate the sequential activation of the terminal pathway (C6 to C9) leading to the formation of the terminal complement complex (C5b-9).
In addition, C5a can promote the metastasis and invasion of tumor cells, inhibit the cytotoxic T-cell-mediated anti-tumor response, and aggregate myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Thus, C5a is a vital element to achieve a good microenvironment for tumor development.
Fig.1 Activation of the complement cascade and its role in tumorigenesis. (Darling, 2016)
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