Tumor markers are useful for screening and diagnosis of cancer in high-risk patients, evaluating the response to cancer treatment, and detecting the recurrence of cancer. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is a well-known tumor marker for the detection of carcinomas of the digestive tract and the screening and identification of pancreatobiliary cancer. With advanced and high-end technologies, rich experienced scientists, Creative Biolabs is an excellent service provider in the field of tumor marker assay. After long years ahead to fully comprehend tumor markers, we launch our CA19-9 assay portfolio service which can be useful for targeted cancer therapy and diagnosis.
Fig.1 Clinical uses of carbohydrate antigen19-9 basedCA19-9, also referred to as sialyl Lewis-a (sLea), is a tetrasaccharide that is expressed on the surface of cancer cells as a glycolipid and as an O-linked glycoprotein. While CA19-9 plays an important role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), CA19-9 is also overexpressed in several types of gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal, benign, and malignant diseases.
The process of generating CA19-9 by deregulated glycosylation is that enzymatically links glycan sugars to proteins and cellular lipids. In the normal pancreas, Glycosylated protein plays various important functions including lubricating and protecting the pancreatic ducts. However, aberrant glycosylation, one of the hallmarks during cancer progression, occurs resulting from numerous modifications which produce various glycosylated residues, such as CA19-9 which has become a potential biomarker.
To be more detailed, CA19-9 is generated from an aberrant pathway in the production of its normal counterpart disialyl Lewis-a which has one extra sialic acid residue attached through a 2→6 linkage. Disialyl Lewis-a helps in immunosurveillance which is normally expressed on the epithelial surface of digestive organs, serves as a ligand for monocytes and macrophages. During the early stages of carcinogenesis, Epigenetic silencing of the gene for 2→6 sialyl transferase leads to abnormal synthesis and accumulation of CA19-9.
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