Select Suitable Immunization Strategies for sdAb Discovery

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As a pioneer and undisputed global leader in the field of sdAb development, Creative Biolabs is professional in applying advanced immunization strategies to satisfy various project demands. Based on our extensive experience, we have won great reputation among our worldwide clients for successfully developing a series of high-quality sdAbs against various challenging targets, such as small molecules, membrane proteins, and PTM-modified targets.

Based on the target of interest and the specific project objective, our scientists could tailor the best-fit strategies to set up an appropriate immunization program. Such program will involve one of the following typical strategies, or combine some of them as a heterologous strategy, which can contribute to triggering the best immune response.

Multiple Sites Immunization

Multiple sites immunization is the most standard strategy for large animal immunization. This strategy can elicit responses from several easily accessible sites thus contribute to the development of antibodies with high specificity and affinity. It is also the best option if injection of more than one antigen is required.

Typical Advantages of Multiple Sites Immunization

  • Trigger desired immune response with less amount of antigen
  • Different antigens can be involved for a single immunization round
  • Compatible with various antigen formats
DNA Immunization

DNA Immunization

DNA immunization is an efficient approach to elicit an immune response against challenging antigens. Compared with the traditional immunization methods, DNA immunization allows the antigen production in vivo, so that avoids the time-consuming processes of antigen preparation. What’s more, the naïve structure of the expressed antigens also permits the generation of antibodies with high specificity and affinity.

Typical Advantages of DNA Immunization

  • Available for challenging antigens, such as insoluble proteins, multi-pass membrane proteins, secreted proteins, intracellular proteins, unstable proteins, etc.
  • Time- and labor-saving
  • Avoid the risk of antigen contamination
  • Antibody generation with high affinity and specificity

Whole Cell Immunization

Whole cell immunization is a novel strategy to elicit an immune response against the antigen overexpressing cell line. Different from the conventional immunization strategies, whole cell immunization benefits from higher immunogenicity, naïve antigen structure, simple purification process. It is one of the best ways to discover novel sdAbs against the extracellular domain of desired membrane protein target.

Typical Advantages of Whole Cell Immunization

  • Discover antibodies against the extracellular domain of membrane protein
  • A powerful tool for the identification of new biomarkers from the surface proteins of tumor cell lines
  • Novel antibodies recognize the naïve conformation of a target

Along with over a decade of extensive experience in providing immune-based sdAb discovery projects, Creative Biolabs contributed to discovering thousands of novel single domain antibodies for our customers all over the world. If you are interested in our services, please do not hesitate to contact us for more details.

1. Q: What is the general immunization timeline?

In general, we perform the camel/llama/alpaca immunization with our standard 70-days strategy (for 4 injections), additional boost injections might be involved upon request. For the shark immunization, it usually takes a longish immune cycle (more than 4 months) to trigger an acceptable immune response.

2. Q: How many animals will be used for each project, any recommendation?

For the camel/llama/alpaca immunization, one animal can carrier most of the required tasks for research purpose. While for hit identification or challenging antigen, more than two animals are recommended. For the shark immunization, more than three animals are required for each project.

3. Q: What will happen if the animal died due to the toxic antigen?

The client is obliged to inform potential safety risk regarding the provided antigen. If undisclosed toxic antigen causes any damage to operators or experimental animals, the client shall be liable for all losses.

4. Q: Is that available to keep the host animal after immunization?

Yes. With advance notification, we can keep the animal after immunization until the clients’ further instruction. Corresponding maintenance fee will be charged monthly.

5. Q: What are the acceptable antigen types for immunization?

Till now, we can use a variety of antigen types for an immunization process, such as soluble protein/peptide, cell lines, DNA plasmid, and fusion protein.

6. Q: What is the least antigen quantity for an immunization procedure?

We usually need 1-2 mg antigen for the primary injection and 0.5-1 mg antigen for the subsequent injection. We have ever used 100-200 µg antigen for each injection and get an acceptable immune response for library construction. If the antigen is precious or difficult to produce, we can reduce the used amount for each injection.

7. Q: What's the difference between camel, llama, and alpaca?

For therapeutic purposes, choosing alpacas and llamas as host animals may contribute more than camels, because of the less ratio of clones with additional disulfide bonds as well as higher homology with human.

For diagnostic purposes, camels should take more advantages considering the highest proportion of heavy-chain only antibody in sera IgG and also the highest percentage of containing additional disulfide bond within CDR1-CDR3 regions.

Please visit our Host Animals page for more details.

8. Q: What is required for DNA immunization and whole cell immunization?

For DNA immunization, Creative Biolabs can start with either provided in silico information or confirmed expression vector of the target of interest. Please note, we may also need purified protein format, target-overexpressing cell lines or epitope-mimic peptides as screening targets.

For whole cell immunization, Creative Biolabs can offer cell line construction services or start from provided cell lines. Generally, two cell lines are required, one is overexpressing the target of interest and the other should be from the same host strain but does not express the target.

Please visit our Custom Antigen Design & Preparation Services page for more details.

Deliverables of Immunization Stage

1. Project report including the titration results.
2. Pre-immune and test serum.

All services are provided for research purposes only. Our services cannot be used for clinical or therapeutic applications.

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