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Introduction to Droplet Microfluidics for Single Cell Isolation

Monoclonal antibodies are a powerful tool for scientific research and are the basis for numerous therapeutic approaches. Monoclonal antibodies have become the fastest growing class of human therapeutics due to their ability to specifically bind and even inhibit drug targets. Although methods such as hybridoma technology and phage display are available to rapidly screen antibodies, screening for functional specificity remains challenging. Single B cell sorting is an emerging method for monoclonal antibody discovery. Antibodies produced by this method have significant advantages in the field of disease treatment. The combination of droplet microfluidics and microarray technology is currently the mainstream commercialized single B-cell platform. Based on our rich field experience and B-cell sorting platform, Creative Biolabs provides comprehensive services to support the development and application of droplet microfluidics for single cell isolation.

Fig 1. B-cell. (Creative Biolabs Authorized)Fig 1. B-cell.

Droplet Microfluidics for Single Cell Isolation

Droplet-based microfluidics has great potential for functional, high-throughput screening at the single cell level. The system integrates single cell sorting, detection, and analysis with high sensitivity and accuracy. In these systems, cells are encapsulated in droplets surrounded by an immiscible carrier phase (e.g., fluorinated oil). Each droplet serves as a miniaturized analytical vessel with a volume of picoliter-nanoliter and can produce hundreds of droplets per second. In addition, fluorescence detection and fluorescence-activated droplet sorting (FADS) can be performed at the same throughput. FADS is similar to fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) but is not limited to sorting based on intracellular or cell-surface labeling. FADS can sort whole microvessels rather than cells and can also screen for secreted proteins (e.g., antibodies). Typically, all components of the fluorescence assay are added directly during encapsulation or at a later time after fusion with a second droplet of the resident detection reagent. Subsequently, the droplets are passed through a laser beam, the light emitted by which is measured, and an electric field is utilized to introduce droplets having a specific fluorescence intensity into a collection channel. While these steps have been used individually for small droplets (~30 μm), the integrated chip combines all the required modules in one platform, as well as the fusion and sorting modules, to make droplets large enough to culture mammalian cells (~100 μm in diameter). As a result, individual mammalian cells have been analyzed in the droplets, and it has also been shown that detectable antibody concentrations can be obtained from individually encapsulated hybridoma cells.

Currently, single B cell sorting antibody technology has been widely used in different disease treatment fields. For example, single B cell antibodies for the treatment of HIV infection are in the clinical trial stage. In addition, in the field of immune disease treatment, single B cell antibody preparation technology is even more widely used because it can isolate B cells from any period of time in the human body. Although single B cell antibody technology has an unlimited future by virtue of its high efficiency, all-human origin, and richer genetic diversity, limited to technical factors, there are still some deficiencies in the production of single B cell antibodies that need to be continuously overcome and improved. In addition to droplet microfluidics, FACS, laser-capture microdissection, and microengraving are common methods used for single B-cell isolation.

Creative Biolabs has a wealth of knowledge and experience in single B cell screening. We would be happy to share with you our knowledge and experience related to droplet microfluidics for single cell isolation.


All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

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