Monoclonal Shark Antibody Discovery Introduction

Shark single domain antibody is the smallest size antigen-binding domain known in vertebrates. Its molecular weight is only 12 kDa. Shark-derived single domain antibodies have the advantages of small molecular weight, high affinity, high stability, good solubility, high tissue penetration, and the recognition of hidden antigenic epitopes. With these advantages, it has received wide attention in the fields of immunoreagents and drug development. Based on our rich field experience and advanced antibody preparation platform, Creative Biolabs provides comprehensive antibody discovery services to support monoclonal shark antibody production.

Fig 1. Shark. (Creative Biolabs Authorized)

Monoclonal Shark Antibody Discovery

Monoclonal shark antibodies are shark-derived neoantigen receptor variable regions, which are antigen-binding domains based on naturally occurring neoantigen receptors in Carcharhiniformes fish and obtained by genetic engineering techniques. It was first demonstrated in the 1960s that sharks are capable of generating a protective immune response to antigenic stimuli, suggesting the existence of an adaptive immune system. The first immunoglobulin found in sharks was IgM, which has two types with different sedimentation coefficients (19S and 7S). In 1995, a novel immunoglobulin, IgNAR, distinct from IgM and IgW, was identified in nurse sharks.

Phage display library construction is a common way to obtain monoclonal shark antibodies. Since natural libraries lack the somatic mutations that occur during immunization to stimulate the organism, the VNARs obtained by panning using this strategy usually have lower affinity. Obtaining monoclonal shark antibodies through the preparation of immune antibody libraries is a better way. Sharks usually have a longer immunization cycle compared to mammals. At the same time, not all shark species produce adaptive lgNAR immune responses. Therefore, specific experimental information needs to be determined during the preparation of monoclonal shark antibodies. Semi-synthetic library construction is also an important method to obtain monoclonal shark antibodies. Similar or even superior results to natural libraries can be obtained by semi-synthetic library construction.

Monoclonal shark antibodies have received widespread attention in the fields of drug development, in vitro diagnostics, and immunoassays due to their many unique advantages. 1. They originate from the adaptive immune system and possess great stability and refolding ability. 2. They are small in size and have high tissue penetration. 3. They recognize the tendency to hide antigenic epitopes. 4. They have structural diversity, which can provide the basis for their recognition of different types of target molecules. 5. They are evolutionarily distant from humans and can be used to develop antibody drugs against conserved mammalian and other targets. However, they also have many disadvantages. Firstly, sharks are difficult to keep, and they have a long immunization cycle. In addition, because sharks are evolutionarily distant from humans, when developing drugs based on monoclonal shark antibodies, these antibodies have greater immunogenicity and need to be humanized. In addition to drug discovery, in vitro diagnostics, and immunoassays, monoclonal shark antibodies have a wide range of applications in intracellular antibodies, enzyme inhibitors, disease diagnostics, detection of pathogenic microorganisms, and detection of food safety hazards.

Due to the difficulty of preparation and other reasons, monoclonal shark antibody has been less studied at home and abroad, and few teams have carried out related work. In recent years, with the increasingly wide application of camel-derived VHH in various fields, especially after the approval of the first single domain antibody drug on the market, monoclonal shark antibody, which is also a single domain antibody, has increasingly become a research hotspot in the antibody field. With the deepening of the research, more structural and functional properties of monoclonal shark antibodies can be discovered in the future, which is expected to enrich the theoretical basis of antibody miniaturization while expanding the source of monoclonal shark antibodies.

Creative Biolabs has a wealth of knowledge and experience in monoclonal antibody discovery. We would be happy to share with you our knowledge and experience related to monoclonal shark antibody discovery.

All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

	USA: Europe: Germany:
	Call us at: USA: UK: Germany:
	Fax:
	Email: