Antigen Microarray Detection for Cancer and Neoplasms
Fig. 1. Potential mechanisms of autoantibody-induced anti-tumor immunity.(Jaras, 2011)
Overview of Autoantibodies for Cancer and Neoplasms
The mechanisms underlying T cell-mediated humoral immune responses to cancer-associated antigens are not completely understood and are the subject of intensive studies. Immunogenicity of the overwhelming majority of tumor-associated antigens is related to their aberrant regulation and/or tumor-specific modifications generated by oncogenic processes in tumor cells. From this standpoint, serum autoantibodies to cancer-associated antigens can be regarded as specific “reporters” of carcinogenesis. However, the majority of currently known cancer-associated B-cell antigens have a serious disadvantage—low detection frequency of respective autoantibodies and, as a consequence, low diagnostic sensitivity in revealing cancer, the most critical parameter from the clinical standpoint. To overcome this problem, it was suggested to combine candidate antigens into arrays in order to optimize diagnostic sensitivity and specificity parameters.
Serum autoantibodies to cancer-associated antigens represent a relatively new class of serological biomarkers and have a number of advantages over conventional protein oncomarkers. Their main characteristics are as follows:
- High specificity in cancer detection;
- Lack of specific requirements for biomaterials and sampling
- High stability in blood, serum, and plasma samples;
- Long half-life;
- Minimum concentration variations (e.g., diurnal, food and drug intake, physical activity, menstrual cycle phases, checkup procedures, etc.).
Antigen Microarray and Detection for Cancer
Low sensitivity in cancer detection is the main disadvantage of virtually all (excluding ECPKA) cancer-associated B-cell antigens, while high diagnostic sensitivity is the main requirement for virtually all clinical applications of tumor biomarkers. The use of antigen arrays allows the identification of so-called “autoantibody signatures” of various diseases; the latter represent combinations of reactive antigens able to discriminate between pathology and a normal state. The association of antigens into arrays allows one to select a combination of antigens whose respective antibodies are strictly specific for the given pathology (~100%). The sensitivity (i.e., detection frequency of antibodies to at least one antigen) of such arrays also can reach 100%.
Fig. 2. Strategies for the detection of autoantibodies on antigen arrays provide different levels of information. (Ayoglu, 2016)
Services at Creative Biolabs
As the important roles autoantigen plays in cancer and neoplasms has been gradually revealed, detection of autoantigens has also attracted a lot of sight from researchers. With high throughput and accurate detection results, antigen microarray shows outstanding capabilities in this field. Creative Biolabs has been focusing on autoantibodies and relevant research over years. With extensive experience accumulated from practice, we are confident in offering high-quality cancer and neoplasms array detection services to global clients to help accelerate the research of autoantibodies in cancer and neoplasms.
If you are interested in antigen microarray detection services, or you have any other questions about autoantibodies, please feel free to contact us for more information.
References
- Jaras, K. and Anderson, K. Autoantibodies in cancer: prognostic biomarkers and immune activation. Expert Rev Proteomics. 2011, 8(5): 577-89.
- Ayoglu, B.; et al. Antigen arrays for profiling autoantibody repertoires. Bioanalysis. 2016, 8(10): 1105-26.
Related Services:
- Antigen Microarray Detection for Autoantigens General Survey
- Antigen Microarray Detection for Brain and Central Nervous System Disorders
- Antigen Microarray Detection for Common Allergens
- Antigen Microarray Detection for Autoimmunity, Allergy, and Infection
- Antigen Microarray Detection for Coronavirus-associated Autoimmunity
- Antigen Microarray Detection for SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus