NAA Associated Schizophrenia
As one of the neurological diseases, schizophrenia has been shown a close relation to natural autoantibodies (NAA). With abundant scientific research experience on natural autoantibodies and related diseases, powerful technology platform, and professional staff, Creative Biolabs is capable to satisfy our global customers’ demands by providing professional solutions and best services. At present, NAA detection and analysis services are also available in Creative Biolabs and help us win good recognition in our worldwide clients.
What Is Schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia is a serious chronic, neurological disorder characterized by abnormal behavior, decreased ability to understand, and cognitive difficulties. It is usually a lifelong obsession and may appear in late adolescence or early adulthood.
➢ Symptoms and Signs
- Positive symptoms: also known as psychotic symptoms including hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, and movement disorders, which are better responsive to medication.
- Negative symptoms: It refers to reduced or lack of ability to function normally, for example, the absence of facial expressions, poverty of speech, lack of motivation, etc.
- Cognitive symptoms: deficits in cognitive abilities, mainly affecting one’s thought processes like poor concentration and working memory.
➢ Pathogenesis
Genes, environment factors, immune-inflammatory factors, and brain chemistry all contribute to the development of schizophrenia. The specific pathogenesis still remains unclear. The most approved reason is the dopamine hypothesis due to excessive activation of D2 receptors in schizophrenia.
➢ Prevention
It is difficult to prevent schizophrenia due to lack of relevant biomarkers for a later stage of the disease. Evidence showed that early interventions, cognitive behavioral therapy, and suitable drugs that associated with the development of the disorder may prevent or reduce the risk of schizophrenia.
Fig.1 Indicating the five main symptom domains in schizophrenia. (Corvin, 2011)
Diagnosis and Treatment of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia diagnosis is usually by excluding other mental health disorders and determining that symptoms are not caused by substance abuse, medication or a medical condition. Physical tests and psychiatric criteria evaluation are helpful in schizophrenia diagnosis.
The effective treatments for schizophrenia patients include antipsychotics, psychosocial treatment, coordinated specialty care, a combination of these three. However, all treatments may not gain good response at later progression of the disorder.
The Association Between Schizophrenia and Natural Autoantibodies
Investigations indicated that NAA in the peripheral blood could cross the blood-brain barrier and contribute to the neurological diseases, including schizophrenia. The occurrence of schizophrenia is accompanied by immunity response and multiple NAA alteration. Here show the common targets in Schizophrenia that could be utilized to offer NAA-related services.
| Natural Autoantibodies Targets in Schizophrenia | |
| Anti-TRANK1 IgG | Anti-NMDAR |
Anti-TRANK1 IgG and Anti-NMDAR autoantibodies likely serve as potential biomarkers for schizophrenia. In addition, some of these human recombined monoclonal autoantibodies might be a promising therapy in the clinic.
Fig.2 Possible mechanisms including autoantibodies of immune-mediated schizophrenia. (Khandaker, 2015)
Schizophrenia is one of the typical neurological diseases that deeply studied by Creative Biolabs. We can offer our clients a series of services about schizophrenia and related NAA services with the best quality and most competitive price. If you are interested in the natural autoantibodies and related neurological diseases research, or you have any question, just feel free to contact us for more detailed information.
References:
- Corvin, A. Two patients walk into a clinic...a genomics perspective on the future of schizophrenia. Bmc Biology. 2011, 9(1): 1-8.
- Khandaker, G.M.; et al. Inflammation and immunity in schizophrenia: implications for pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015, 2(3): 258-270.
Choosing natural autoantibody (NAA) microarray to profile autoantibody repertoire and reveal novel disease's marker.
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