NAA Associated Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a kind of chronic NAA-related neurological disease. Based on our extensive experience and highly specialized equipment, Creative Biolabs has made great achievements in both NAA researches and related diseases studies. We are proud to provide clients with our profound expertise, the best and professional solutions, and NAA services on epilepsy.
What Is Epilepsy?
Epilepsy is a group of chronic, neurological disorders characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Epileptic seizures actually are a pattern of abnormal brain activity causing periods of unusual behavior, sensations, and sometimes loss of awareness.
➢ Symptoms and Signs
Recurrent seizures are the main symptoms of epilepsy. Seizures can also affect other processes in brain leading to a variety of symptoms:
- Focal seizures: focal seizures are simply divided into seizures without loss of consciousness including dizziness, tingling, and twitching of limbs, another is seizures with impaired awareness including unresponsiveness, and repetitive movements.
- Generalized seizures: generalized seizures involve to several or all areas of the brain, which are classified into six types: absence seizures, tonic seizures, atonic seizures, clonic seizures, myoclonic seizures, and tonic-clonic seizures.
➢ Causes and Pathogenesis
Genes, physical and environmental factors like tumors, strokes, misuse of drugs, malnutrition, and dysimmunity all are capable be the causes of seizures or epilepsy. Pathogenesis and the exact mechanism of epilepsy are still remain unclear.
Fig.1 Symptoms of epilepsy.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Epilepsy
Epilepsy diagnosis seems to be difficult as there are many other conditions presenting very similar signs and symptoms to seizures. Symptom observation, electroencephalogram, neuroimaging like CT or MRI scan, and blood tests can help a doctor to diagnose epilepsy.
The Importance of NAA in Epilepsy
Like other neurological diseases, current treatment can’t cure most types of epilepsy. Daily medication such as anti-epileptic drugs or anti-convulsant drugs usually is the first choice. Epilepsy surgery may be a better option for patients with focal seizures. In recent years, natural autoantibodies associated with epilepsy have been researched for the sake of new diagnosis and treatment. Most autoantibodies relevant to epilepsy are directed targets to molecules as voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex, glutamic acid decarboxylase, Glutamate receptor 3 (GluR3). Autoantibodies against these molecules may be a potential therapy for epilepsy. Autoantibodies associated with epilepsy by Creative Biolabs including but not limited to the followings:
| Natural Autoantibodies Targets in Epilepsy | ||||
| Anti-Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels (VGKC) | Anti-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) | Anti-GluR3 | Anti-NMDAR | Anti-Phospholipid |
Fig.2 MS analysis reveals that histones are likely targets of autoantibodies in the brain from patients with epilepsy. (Iffland, 2013)
Creative Biolabs has extensive experience, a full range of technology platform, and Ph.D. level scientists to provide high-quality NAA detection and analysis service. We have successfully developed several effective strategies in epilepsy and related NAA biomarkers research. If you need a professional scientific research staff and a full range of NAA services, just feel free to contact us for more detailed information.
Reference:
- Iffland, P.H.; et al. Intracellular and circulating neuronal antinuclear antibodies in human epilepsy. Neurobiology of Disease. 2013, 59(11): 206-219.
Choosing natural autoantibody (NAA) microarray to profile autoantibody repertoire and reveal novel disease's marker.
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