CA9

Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), also named as MN or CAIX, is a member of the Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) family. CAs is a large family of zinc metalloenzymes which catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. The family members of CAs are involved in a great number of biological processes, such as calcification, acid-base balance, respiration, bone resorption, and the formation of cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous humor, saliva, and gastric acid. They exhibit extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization.
CA9 is a transmembrane protein and is one of only two tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes known. CA9 is expressed in all clear-cell renal cell carcinoma, but is not found in normal kidney or most other normal tissues. It is possibly associated with cell proliferation and transformation. It has been considered to be one of the most prominent markers of tumor hypoxia with the potential to act as a diagnostic biomarker, prognostic indicator, as well as tumor therapeutic target. In addition, studies examining the association between CA9 levels and many clinicopathological outcomes reveal that CA9 expression may also be a potent prognostic indicator for overall survival.

Gene ID: 768
UniProt ID: Q16790