CD28

CD28 was first identified in 1980. It is a protein expressed on the surface of human T cells that synergized with PHA in the induction of a proliferative response. CD28 is expressed on approximately 80% of CD4+ T cells and 50% of CD8+ cells. It has been found in plasma cells, neutrophils and eosinophils.
Ligation of CD28 on CD4+ T cells has diverse and profound consequences. CD28 co-stimulatory molecule plays a pivotal role triggering CD4 T cell activation as well as survival maintenance. The sensitivity of the T cell to antigen receptor engagement is increased by CD28 signaling. Proliferation is induced at otherwise submitogenic concentrations of antigen.
CD28 surface expression on CD4+ lymphocytes is upregulated during acute rejection episodes. The CD28 surface expression is capable to discriminate acute rejection and the cellular activation induced by viral reinfection providing interesting findings for its further validation as the predictive biomarker for acute rejection. CD28 lymphocyte surface protein is known to play a key role in cellular T-cell activation
CD28 is the founding member of the immunoglobulin family of costimulatory receptors which include cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4, CD152), inducible costimulatory (ICOS), programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and B-and T-lymphocyte attenuator.
Entrez Gene ID: 940
UniProt ID: P10747

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