CD5

CD5, also called Lyt-1 in mice and Leu-1 in human, is a 67kDa cell-surface glycoprotein, which is expressed on B-1a cells, thymocytes, and mature T cells. It has a scavenger receptor cysteine-rich protein domain. In humans, the gene encoded CD5 is located on the long arm of chromosome 11. Until now, there is no certain ligand for CD5, however, it has revealed that CD72, a C-type lectin, may be a ligand or that CD5 may be homophilic, binding CD5 on the surface of other cells. CD5 functions by alleviating activating signals from the BCR, so that the B-1 cells can just be activated by extremely potent stimuli (such as bacterial proteins) and not by common tissue proteins.
CD5 has been applied as a T-cell marker until monoclonal antibodies against CD3 were developed. Importantly, nearly 76% of T-cell neoplasms are found to express CD5, and it is also identified in mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia which are all B cell malignancies. In addition, CD5 is usually absent in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, therefore, its lost enables to be utilized as an indicator of malignancy in this condition.
Gene ID: 921
UniProt ID: P06127

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