Glypican 3 (GPC3), also referred to as DGSX, GTR2-2, is a cell surface protein that is highly expressed hepatocellular carcinoma and several other human cancers. The GPC3 protein is a precursor core protein with the molecular weight of 70kD. It can be cleaved by furin into two parts. One part is a 40-kD amino-terminal protein and the other part is a 30-kD membrane-bound carboxyl terminal protein. GPC3 is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol protein with the GPI anchor attached to the cell membrane. The C-terminal membrane-bound protein is recognized by the monoclonal antibody (mAB) 1G12.
GPC3 has a potential as a promising target for tumor-specific therapy. Small amounts of GPC3 could be detected in the blood derived from some of the patients suffering from GPC3-positive cancers. Disruption of GPC3 leads to Simpson-GolabiBehme syndrome which is a rare X chromosome-linked overgrowth disorder typically associated with coarse faces with protruding jaw and tongue. GPC3 is associated with the control of cell proliferation and survival due to its interaction with insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2). Furthermore, GPC3 can form a complex with Wnt molecules and promote the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by stimulating canonical Wnt signaling.
Entrez Gene ID: 2719
UniProt ID: P51654
For Research Use Only. NOT FOR CLINICAL USE.
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