NAA and Schizophrenia
Detection of specific autoantibodies to neuronal or glial targets has led to a better understanding of central nervous system autoimmunity. Continued exploration and characterization of these identified autoantibody targets may improve the understanding of psychiatric illnesses and in particular the involvement of autoantibodies to neuronal antigens. Creative Biolabs is a premier natural autoantibodies (NAA) contract provider in the United States, our experts can help you from the very first idea, by providing expert consultancy in the design of your research.
Description of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a common, severe mental illness, which is equally prevalent in men and women and affects approximately one percent of the population worldwide. Many individuals with schizophrenia exhibit negative symptoms, including diminished emotional expression and reaction, diminished participation in interpersonal relationships, diminished production of speech, and apathy, with loss of energy, drive, and interests. Schizophrenia appears to be a polygenic disorder, with five types: paranoid, stressed, disordered, residual, and undifferentiated.
Schizophrenia Develop Pathway
Schizophrenia is a complex disease, its pathogenesis is the joint action of many factors. Abnormal activity in dopamine receptor sites (specifically D2) is thought to be involved in many of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia may have impaired NMDA receptor function, and genetic ablations of NMDA receptors in mouse models induce schizophrenia-like behavioral disorders. Hypofunction of NMDA receptors has been suggested to lead to the inhibition of inhibitory GABA interneurons which serve to control the rate of firing of cortical pyramidal cells leading to a state of concurrent GABA deficit and glutamate excess. NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) is an innate immune enzyme responsible for superoxide production that has been suggested to control glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex and may compromise cortical PV interneurons. The available symptomatic treatment is only partially successful, and therefore the development of rational therapeutics, based on an understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia, is imperative.
Fig.1 Pathophysiology of schizophrenia, including associated symptoms and pathological mechanisms at the cellular level.1
NAA Services for Schizophrenia at Creative Biolabs
Schizophrenia Related Products at Creative Biolabs
| Target | Product Name | Cat. No. |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiolipin, Phosphatidyl Serine, Phosphatidyl Inositol and Phosphatidic acid autoantibody | Human Cardiolipin, Phosphatidyl Serine, Phosphatidyl Inositol and Phosphatidic acid Autoantibody (IgG&IgM) ELISA kit | NAK-053 |
| Extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) autoantibody | Human Extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) Autoantibody (IgG) ELISA kit | NAK-038 |
| GPIHBP1 autoantibody | Human GPIHBP1 Autoantibody (IgG) ELISA kit | NAK-006 |
| GAD autoantibody | Mouse GAD Autoantibody (IgG) ELISA Kit | NAK-001 |
| AMA-M2 autoantibody | Human AMA-M2 Autoantibody (IgG) ELISA kit | NAK-013 |
| Thyroglobulin (TG) autoantibody | Human Thyroglobulin (TG) Autoantibody (IgG) ELISA kit | NAK-063 |
| Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) autoantibody | Human Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) Autoantibody (IgG) ELISA kit | NAK-064 |
At Creative Biolabs, we challenge ourselves to think out of the box and innovate, we have expertise and capabilities in providing high-quality NAA solutions, we are happy to discuss your objectives so that we can determine which methods and technologies can best be used to get the most reliable answer most efficiently. Contact us to discuss your next NAA research project.
Reference
- Pires, Patrícia C., Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos, and Francisco Veiga. "Antipsychotics-Loaded Nanometric Emulsions for Brain Delivery." Pharmaceutics 14.10 (2022): 2174.
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