Stem Cell-derived Exosome
- Advantages and Applications
SC-Exo (Stem cell exosomes), as a vehicle for information exchange between SCs (stem cells) and other tissue cells, are poised to become one of the new frontiers in biomedical research. Different from SCs, SC-Exo do not respond to a damaged microenvironment, but can regulate apoptosis, growth, proliferation, and differentiation pathways by altering the extracellular matrix and changing the transcriptome and proteome of the recipient cells. Creative Biolabs offers a comprehensive service for SC-Exo advantage and application research, opening up greater application prospects.
Fig. 1 Molecular mechanisms of stem cell-derived EVs. (Yin, 2020)
SCs are capable of self-renewal and directed differentiation, and the maintenance of their stemness is essential for their functional activity. SC-Exo are the primary mediators of SCs paracrine action and contain SCs bioactive substances that can replace SCs and maintain cell stemness. Notably, the application of SC-Exo also avoids the risks of tumorigenicity, pro-inflammation, and host rejection in SCs transplantation.
SC-Exo can wrap nutrients and a large number of cell-regulated signals to penetrate deep into cells and strengthen the barrier, with excellent anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. SC-Exo may become an effective and safe treatment for a wide range of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In addition, SC-Exo have shown encouraging therapeutic effects in several different types of tissue-damaging diseases, including kidney injury, heart injury, brain injury, and liver and lung injury.
The ability of SC-Exo to inhibit apoptosis is not significantly different from that of their parent cells. One of the mechanisms has been identified to inhibit apoptosis through upregulation of anti-apoptotic genes such as Bcl-XL and downregulation of pro-apoptotic genes such as Casp1, as well as activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases to enhance cell proliferation.
SC-Exo have immunomodulatory effects on multiple types of immune cells, including dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, and macrophages. For example, SC-Exo reduce the expression of macrophage chemotactic protein CX3CL1 and tumor necrosis factor, and also inhibit the activation and infiltration of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, thereby decreasing the local inflammatory response and reducing pathological damage in multiple organs.
SC-Exo upregulate angiogenesis-related genes such as VEGF and HIF-1α to increase angiogenic capacity. Secondly, miR-30b and miR-210 could be delivered to promote angiogenesis. In addition to the microRNA-mediated effects carried, the transfer of exosomes carrying Wnt4 to human-derived venous endothelial cells can activate β-Catenin protein function, thus promoting angiogenesis. Umbilical cord-derived SC-Exo have also been found to have coagulation-inducing properties in vitro.
Creative Biolabs not only analyzes the physical and biochemical properties of SC-Exo such as particle concentration, particle size distribution, drug loading, proteins, and nucleic acids but also provides quality control of the production process to improve drug loading efficiency. Our SC-Exo services are available throughout the entire process of mass manufacturing, isolation and purification, and profiling, greatly accelerating the research process for clients. Please contact us with your interest.
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Yin, L.; et al. Therapeutic advances of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in regenerative medicine. Cells. 2020, 9(3): 707.
For Research Use Only. Cannot be used by patients.
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