Extracellular Vesicle Related Services

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane vesicles actively released by cells. They are increasingly recognized as essential carriers of intercellular communication, disease diagnosis, and prognostic circulating biomarkers. Sensitive preparation and analysis techniques for EVs facilitate the resolution of barriers to their application potential and translation. Creative Biolabs is actively developing new access to research platforms for providing comprehensive EVs production and profiling services.

EVs Classification and Functions

EVs have different subgroups depending on their diameter and mode of occurrence, ranging from 30, 40 nm to 8, 9 um in diameter, mainly including:

Exosomes: Exosomes are the most intensively studied subtype of EVs. They are formed by the inward concavity of endosomes and released by the fusion of multivesicular bodies into cell membranes, with a diameter of 50-100 nm. Exosomes not only deliver mRNA and miRNA, oncogenetic receptors, and viral particles horizontally, but also have antigen presentation, immune activation, and immunosuppressive activities.
Migrasomes: In the process of directional cell migration, the cell tails produce contractile filaments. At the end of the contractile filaments or at the crossover site, monolayer membrane vesicle structures of 0.5~3.0 μm in diameter called migrasomes are produced. When the cells migrate away, the migratory bodies remain in place until they rupture or are engulfed by later cells, releasing the contents of the donor cells.
Microvesicles: Microvesicles are produced by platelets, red blood cells, or epithelial cells and exert a procoagulant effect. Microvesicles are generated by the outward budding of cell membranes with a diameter of 100-1000 nm. The generation of microvesicles can be induced by the activation of cell surface receptors, apoptosis, or increased intracellular calcium ion concentration.
Apoptotic body: Apoptotic vesicles are 1-5 μm in diameter and are generated by blistering during apoptosis. Apoptotic vesicles can deliver DNA and oncogenes horizontally and present T-cell antigenic determinants when taken up by phagocytes, which act as immunosuppressive agents.
Ectosome: Activated neutrophils undergo morphological changes, extend pseudopodia, and break off to form small vesicles. Moreover, the activated neutrophils form small vesicular projections of 70-300 nm on the surface, which are finally released into the extracellular space as vesicular structures, both of which are defined as ectosomes.

Fig.1 EVs are diverse double-leaflet membrane-enclosed structures. (Verweij, 2021)

Comprehensive EVs Services at Creative Biolabs

EVs are widely involved in the body's immune response, antigen presentation, cell migration, cell differentiation, and tumor invasion, playing an important role in a variety of diseases and physiological processes. The development and improvement of EVs technology platforms will have a profound impact on basic and translational research of EVs. Creative Biolabs offers comprehensive EVs preparation, development, and profiling services, including but not limited to:

EVs are thought to be a means for secretory cells to dispose of harmful or unwanted intracellular components, and also mediate communication with other cells. Creative Biolabs offers services related to EVs isolation and profiling with its comprehensive EVs platform. Please feel free to contact us to create a custom quote.

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