Stem Cell-derived Exosome Applications

Stem cell exosomes (SC-Exos) are extracellular vesicles released by SCs that carry proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Because SC-Exos have the latent capacity to mimic many of the curative superiorities of SCs without some of the limitations associated with SC therapy, the advantages and applications of SC-Exos have been used to explore the treatment of a range of diseases, such as heart disease, liver disease, lung disease, skin diseases, and neurological disorders. A large number of SC-Exo drugs have been approved and entered clinical testing. Creative Biolabs has been paying attention to and studying the research and application of SC-Exos and has the ability to help customers complete all-around research on SC-Exo.

Fig. 1 MSC-exos have demonstrated beneficial effects in multiple organs and tissues. (Huang, 2021)

Advantages of SC-Exo Therapy Compared with Stem Cell Exosome (SC-Exo) Therapy

Both SC curative applications and SC-Exo curative applications are innovative treatments and have shown promising results in a wide range of diseases. But compared with SC curative application, SC-Exo curative application has more advantages

	SC-Exo curative application	SC curative application
Definition	Using SC-Exos to promote tissue repair and regeneration.	Using SCs to help repair, replace, or regenerate damaged or diseased tissue in vivo.
Source	Purified from the culture supernatant of SCs in vitro.	Obtained from donor or patient.
Treatment way	Non-invasive methods, including injection, smear, inhalation, etc.	Invasive methods in which the SCs are injected directly into the affected area, or where the SCs are grown in the laboratory into new tissue that can be transplanted back into the patient.
Effect	Reduces inflammation, promotes tissue repair, and regulates the immune system.
Size	30-150 nm	10-50 μm
Stability	Stronger adaptability to freeze-thaw damage and high stability in circulation invivo.	Freeze-thaw can easily lead to SC death and low stability in vivo.
Storage and transportation	Low-temperature transportation (lyophilized powder form or suspension form), dry ice transportation (frozen suspension form)	Dry ice (frozen cells)
Immunogenicity	Little to no immunogenicity.	Prone to produce immunogenicity in vivo.
Tumor formation risk	No self-replication, and no potential risk of tumor formation.	Self-replicating, potential risk of tumor formation.

Most importantly, paracrine is the main mechanism by which SC’s function, and exosomes play a crucial role in paracrine. Since exosomes are much smaller than cells, they can more easily penetrate tissues and reach their target cells. Therefore, compared with SC therapy, SC-Exos can transfer SC-derived bioactive molecules to damaged cells and promote tissue regeneration, which can achieve almost the same efficacy as SCs and has many potential benefits, including extremely low immune rejection response, higher safety, and easier storage and transportation. Therefore, curative SC-Exo has emerged as a promising curative application for tissue damage repair. In the future, SC-Exo curative application will be developed with broader application prospects and is expected to be used to replace SC therapy.

Types of SC-Exo

Human SCs can be broadly divided into two categories: embryonic SCs and adult SCs. Within each class, there are multiple types of SCs, and each type has its own unique properties and capabilities. Therefore, available SC-Exos vary depending on the type of SC they are derived from. Creative Biolabs has summarized the most comprehensive common SC-Exos and their applications, hoping to help customers determine the best starting point for research.

Forms of SC-Exo

SC-Exos for curative research not only have multiple sources, but also can have different forms. In addition to using natural SC-Exos to study their efficacy against diseases, SC-Exos can be modified in a variety of ways, including by changing their components or cargo, and by changing their physical and chemical properties. For example, exosomes can be modified by adding or removing specific biomolecules such as proteins or RNA, which can alter their function or targeting capabilities. Furthermore, exosomes can be engineered to have specific properties, such as increased stability or targeting specific cell types.

Creative Biolabs has been focusing on developing the huge application potential of SC-Exos and can provide SC-Exo one-stop services, including SC-Exo SC-Exo extraction and identification services, SC-Exo profiling services, RNA sequencing, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics services as well as in vitro and in vivo functional research services of SC-Exo. If you are interested in SC-Exo curative application and want to develop its curative potential, please contact us to provide you with personalized project plans and advanced technical services.