Colon-Adipose Exosome Communication Research Introduction

With the diversified development of diet and the accelerated pace of life, high-calorie foods (such as fried chicken and burgers) have become a part of most people's diet structure. The most direct and main effect of a long-term high-fat and high-calorie diet on the body is obesity. Numerous studies have established that obesity is a significant risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This is because adipose tissue is not only an energy storage organ but also an active endocrine organ. Adipocytes can interact with other metabolic organs by secreting adipokines or inflammatory factors. In this mutual response process, exosomes play a crucial role. Recent studies have found that adipose tissue is one of the most important tissues that release exosomes. Macrophages, adipose stem cells, and mature adipocytes in adipose tissue can secrete exosomes to penetrate the basal barrier of the intestinal epithelium and other biological barriers to regulate the activities of other distant tissues. Creative Biolabs pays special attention to the role of exosomes in material exchange and signal communication and hopes to help customers advance the diagnosis and treatment research projects of obesity-related IBD based on exosomes by exploring the regulatory mechanism of exosomes in the body.

Research on Exosome in Colon-Adipose Communication

Crohn's disease and colitis are two common subtypes of IBD. In recent years, the incidence of IBD has been on the rise. Numerous studies have found that obesity is associated with enhanced colonic inflammation and is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer. The mechanisms by which obesity enhances colonic inflammation have so far been unclear. Wei et al. used an exosome delivery mechanism for the first time to explain the link between obesity and enhanced colonic inflammation. They first constructed a dextran sulfate-induced colitis mouse model and a high-fat diet-induced high-fat mouse model. Then they isolated the visceral adipose tissue of mice and obtained visceral adipose tissue exosomes by ultracentrifugation after a short period of in vitro culture. These exosomes were found to exacerbate the colitis phenotype by affecting colonic lamina propria macrophage polarization both in vivo and in vitro. Further exosome high-throughput sequencing and functional experiments revealed that miR-155 in visceral adipose tissue exosomes plays a key role in promoting the massive polarization of macrophages to the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype.

Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of the study in which visceral adipose tissue derived exosomes exacerbate colitis severity. (Wei, 2020)

A long-term high-fat and high-calorie diet keeps the body in a state of metabolic stress with excess energy for a long time. Hypoxia, fibrosis, and inflammation in adipose tissue lead to adipocyte dysfunction and massive infiltration of inflammatory cells. These adipose tissue-derived inflammatory exosomes are released into the body fluid circulation to aggravate the progression of inflammation in other tissues. Creative Biolabs is a professional one-stop exosome research service provider, which can provide tissue exosome isolation and subsequent identification and analysis services (including exosome profiling, exosome proteomics, exosome RNA sequencing, exosome lipidomics and metabolomics, and tissue exosome related services). If you are interested in the mechanism of adipose tissue-derived exosomes in regulating colonic diseases, please contact us now.

Reference

Wei, M.; Gao, X.; et al. Visceral adipose tissue-derived exosomes exacerbate colitis severity via pro-inflammatory miRNAs in high-fat diet fed mice. ACS Nano. 2020. 14(4):5099-5110.

Plant Exosome Isolation