NAA and AIDS
Autoantibodies may not directly cause the presentation of many autoimmune diseases, but they are markers of future disease in currently healthy individuals. The pathogenesis of autoimmune injury also segregates autoimmune diseases as certain diseases or manifestations are primarily induced by autoantibodies. Creative Biolabs is a leading provider of NAA testing and analysis services. We have a team of experienced professionals and an advanced technology platform to provide a full range of NAA services.
Introduction of AIDS
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is defined as an HIV infection. HIV disease is a chronic illness requiring lifelong therapy and characterized by multiple comorbidities. HIV belongs to the retrovirus lentivirus subfamily and is the cause of AIDS. AIDS is characterized by profound immunodeficiency. The hallmark of AIDS is a decreased number of CD4 + lymphocytes, which probably result from the high affinity of HIV envelope protein for the CD4 molecule and the subsequent selective killing of these cells. The number of cells infected with HIV is relatively small, even in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of AIDS patients. While CD4+ T-lymphocytes are preferentially infected, these cells are not the exclusive targets of HIV infection. The monocyte/macrophage type of response to HIV infection could be responsible for the establishment of latency in the host; this response may also cause pathogenic sequelae resulting from soluble factors produced by the infected cells.
AIDS Develop Pathway
HIV enters its main target cell, the CD4+ T lymphocyte, by binding to its receptor CD4 and the co-receptor CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). The lipid envelope of the virus then fuses with the membrane of the host cell, depositing a viral capsid (CA) containing two copies of the viral genome RNA. Reverse transcription of viral RNA into cDNA copy is mediated by CA-related reverse transcriptase in a complex formed by the CA and the cell chaperone protein cyclophilin A (CypA). Production of HIV cDNA involves multiple steps, including the extension of tRNA primers to HIV RNA by nucleotide incorporation, followed by degradation of the RNA template by the specific RNase activity of reverse transcriptase. Further activity produces a dsDNA "provirus" of the HIV genome. The most suspicious feature of nfection with HIV is the selective destruction and depletion of T-cells bearing CD4 receptors.
Fig.1 The role of immunometabolism in HIV-related immune activation and dysfunction.1
NAA Services for AIDS at Creative Biolabs
- NAA Services for Anti-cardiolipin Antibody
- NAA Services for Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA)
- NAA Services for Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
- NAA Services for Anti-Nuclear Antibody (ANA)
- NAA Services for Anti-Native DNA
- NAA Services for Anti-denatured DNA Antibodies
AIDS Related Products at Creative Biolabs
| Target | Product Name | Cat. No. |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiolipin, Phosphatidyl Serine, Phosphatidyl Inositol and Phosphatidic acid autoantibody | Human Cardiolipin, Phosphatidyl Serine, Phosphatidyl Inositol and Phosphatidic acid Autoantibody (IgG&IgM ) ELISA kit | NAK-053 |
| PR3 autoantibody | Human PR3 Autoantibody (IgG) ELISA kit | NAK-026 |
| ANCA-C PR3 autoantibody | Human ANCA-C PR3 Autoantibody (IgG) ELISA kit | NAK-022 |
| Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) autoantibody | Human Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) Autoantibody (IgG) ELISA kit | NAK-064 |
| GPIHBP1 autoantibody | Human GPIHBP1 Autoantibody (IgG) ELISA kit | NAK-006 |
| Prothrombin autoantibody | Human Prothrombin Autoantibody (IgA) ELISA kit | NAK-054 |
| Prothrombin autoantibody | Human Prothrombin Autoantibody (IgG&IgM&IgA) ELISA kit | NAK-055 |
| dsDNA autoantibody | Human dsDNA Autoantibody (IgG) ELISA kit | NAK-035 |
| dsDNA autoantibody | Human dsDNA Autoantibody (IgG&IgM&IgA) ELISA kit | NAK-036 |
The relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and immune dysfunction in AIDS patients and the development of autoimmune diseases is interesting. Studies have shown that B cell stimulation and many autoantibodies are reported in AIDS patients. Creative Biolabs has been specializing in NAA research for many years, we can offer a full range of NAA services and products. If you are interested in our services and products, please contact us for more information.
Reference
- Teer, Eman, Nyasha C. Mukonowenzou, and M. Faadiel Essop. "The role of immunometabolism in HIV-1 pathogenicity: links to immune cell responses." Viruses 14.8 (2022): 1813.