NAA Services for Anti-Calreticulin Antibodies

Creative Biolabs is a world leader in the field of in vitro diagnostics (IVD). With years of experience in NAA (natural autoantibodies) research, Creative Biolabs has established a powerful platform that is optimal for NAA detection, NAA profiling, and NAA epitope mapping, etc. We offer a full range of anti-calreticulin antibodies services for diseases diagnosis and therapy, especially in immune diseases. Our scientific team can help you with every step of the development process, from design to validation.

Background of Anti-calreticulin Antibodies

Calreticulin (CRT) is a general cellular calcium-binding protein and molecular chaperone with various biological functions. CRT is a phylogenetically conserved, acidic (pI 4.65) protein and its molecular mass deduced from the amino acid sequence is 46 kDa. CRT contains three structurally and functionally different domains: N, P and C. The N domain is predicted to form a globular structure comprising eight antiparallel beta-strands. The P-domain is composed of a proline-rich region and forms an extended-arm structure. The C-terminal domain is highly acidic and rends the ability to bind to Ca2+ with high capacity. Research suggested that high levels of serum IgA anti-CRT antibodies in almost all refractory celiac disease (RCD) patients (seronegative for coeliac markers because of GFD adherence) can be detected by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test using human recombinant CRT as an antigen.

Fig.1 Mechanisms of calreticulin-mediated suppression of cell surface protein localization. (Jiang, et al., 2014)Fig.1 Mechanisms of calreticulin-mediated suppression of cell surface protein localization.1

The Role of Anti-calreticulin Antibodies in Celiac Disease

Celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory disorder, commonly caused by an improper immune response to ingested wheat gluten (composed of gliadin and glutenin) and related cereal proteins in genetically predisposed individuals, leading to villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and lymphocytic infiltration in the small intestine. IgA and IgG natural autoantibodies against CRT are detected with high titers in the sera of almost all patients with active CD. Using anti-CRT autoantibodies to diagnose CD achieves high sensitivity (nearly 92% in IgA and IgG) and specificity (85·5% (IgA) and 79·7% (IgG)). In all CD patients keeping to a gluten-free diet (GFD), the levels of IgA anti-CRT autoantibodies are decreased to the levels detected in healthy individuals. Additional testing confirmed that a significant decrease in the reactivity to CRT and other CD serological markers in those patients. In addition, the immunodominant B cell epitopes of CRT can be recognized predominantly by serum IgA antibodies of refractory coeliac disease (RCD) patients.

Fig.2 Celiac disease. (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Histopathology_of_villous_atrophy_in_celiac_disease.jpg)Fig.2 Celiac disease.2

The Role of Anti-calreticulin Antibodies in Primary Liver Cancer

Primary hepatic cancer, also known as hepatic cancer, often occurs in the liver. Symptoms of liver cancer always present a lump or pain in the right side below the rib cage, swelling of the abdomen, yellowish skin, easy bruising, weight loss, and weakness. The anti-calreticulin autoantibodies are a type of natural autoantibodies have been shown in primary hepatic cancer patients. During the liver metastasis process, the calreticulin (CRT) located in liver muscle can be recognized as a kind of autoantigens and stimulated to produce autoantibodies, which then deteriorates the hepatic cancer symptoms.

What Can We Do about NAA?

Our NAA services can be performed based on our advanced platforms and experienced scientists. Our custom-designed service can cover every step of your NAA project, include NAA detection, NAA profiling, NAA affinity measurement, NAA epitope mapping, and paratope mapping. A wide range of NAA products is also available for your choice.

Features of NAA Services

Creative Biolabs is one of the forward-looking antibody detection and development providers who lead the development of the era while offering the best service to the customers around the world. Our seasoned experts in NAA research are pleased to provide NAA services for anti-calreticulin antibodies marker. We have extensive experience in all kinds of NAA related services. Please do not hesitate to contact us for more details.

Reference:

  1. Jiang, Yue, Sandeepa Dey, and Hiroaki Matsunami. "Calreticulin: roles in cell-surface protein expression." Membranes 4.3 (2014): 630-641.
  2. From wikimedia, By Ewa B. Posner and Muhammad Haseeb, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Histopathology_of_villous_atrophy_in_celiac_disease.jpg
For Research Use Only | Not For Clinical Use

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