NAA Services for Anti-Fibrillary Antibody (AFA)

Natural autoantibodies (NAA) are a group of antibodies natively detected from the human and animal body, which play critical roles in the immune system and diseases resistance. Creative Biolabs has successfully developed improved and diversified NAA platforms to provide fast and convenient services for our worldwide clients. In terms of anti-fibrillary antibody (AFA), we are able to provide a full range of custom services for diseases diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Our professional team is optimized to help you get a milestone development in your NAA project.

Background of Anti-fibrillary Antibody (AFA)

As a heart autoantibody, anti-fibrillary antibody (AFA) has been extensively and frequently detected from acute myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, chronic pericardial effusion, and heart failure. AFA is a muscle-associated or muscle-specific antibody that reacts with myocardial and skeletal tissue, which has been detected from patients with myocarditis as early as 1983 by indirect immunofluorescence.

Myocarditis Fig.1 Pathophysiology of myocarditis. (Sanchez Tijmes, et al., 2021)

The Role of Anti-fibrillary Antibody (AFA) in Myocarditis

Myocarditis, also known as inflammatory cardiomyopathy, is a kind of inflammation and damage of the heart muscle or myocardium characterized by abnormal heartbeat, breath, and chest pain. Resulting from viral infections, bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, and toxins, myocarditis can affect your heart muscle and your heart's electrical system. Evidence indicates that auto-immune or auto-inflammatory processes are involved in myocarditis, and NAAs may provide a new sight for targeted diagnosis and therapies of myocarditis.

Several circulating autoantibodies induced by infections have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the progression and induction of myocarditis. Together with AMLAs, AFAs in both pericardial fluid and serum are significantly increased in patients with chronic pericardial effusion determined by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Furthermore, levels of AFA-IgG type in the pericardial fluid, AFA-IgM type and AFA-IgA type in serum are both remarkably higher than that in the healthy individuals. As autoantibodies, heart reactive antibodies such as anti-sarcolemmal antibody, anti-myolemmal antibody (AMLA), anti-laminin, etc. have been extensively demonstrated and confirmed, of which AFAs were only listed as a detected indicator in several articles.

The picture shows the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in myocarditis and progression to dilated cardiomyopathy. Fig.2 The picture shows the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in myocarditis and progression to dilated cardiomyopathy. (Caforio, 2013)

What We Can Do about NAA?

Aided by our well-established platforms and experienced scientists, we can provide comprehensive NAA services, from NAA detection, NAA profiling, to NAA epitope mapping. A wide spectrum of NAA products and services is available for your choice, including but not limited to:

Creative Biolabs is capable to provide the largest and diversiform portfolio of NAA products and services about NAA. Our proven and optimized platforms can help you quickly get satisfactory results without repeated trials. We also provide custom services based on the requirements of the clients. Please contact us for more information.

References:

  1. Sanchez Tijmes, F.; et al. Cardiac MRI assessment of nonischemic myocardial inflammation: state of the art review and update on myocarditis associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging. 2021, 3(6): e210252.
  2. Caforio, A.L.P.; et al. Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. European Heart Journal. 2013, 34(33): 2636-2648.
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