Antagonistic Antibody in Autoimmune and Transplant Rejection Diseases

In addition to commonly used drugs, investigations have found that autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection can also be reversed by antagonistic monoclonal antibodies. As an expert in antibody services providing, Creative Biolabs now offers all-round agonistic and antagonistic antibody services based on the values of quality, timing, and price.

Background of Antagonistic Antibody

As an important member of the immune system, the antibody is involved in humoral immunity by binding to the corresponding Fc receptor and exerts the immune effect. In biological function, the antibody is essentially a glycoprotein that binds to different receptors and plays an effective role, generally including agonism and antagonism. Here, antibodies that play an antagonistic or inhibit role are referred to as antagonistic antibodies.

The mechanism of inhibiting effect mediated by the antagonistic antibody is that the antagonistic antibody binds to the receptor with high affinity resulting in the inability of the natural ligand to bind to the receptor, thus blocking or dampening the original function. The principal application of antagonist antibodies is embodied in anti-immune checkpoint antibodies, all of which play an increasing role in human diseases treatment, especially for cancer therapies.

Fig.1 Targeting immune checkpoints with CTLA-4 and PD-1 blocking antibodies in cancer immunotherapy. (Kyi, 2014)

Antagonistic Antibody Application for Autoimmune Disease Treatment

The immune system protects the body from infection or disease by effectively recognizing self and nonself component and removal nonself through immunological response. Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), will occur when the immune system abnormally response to the normal self component. Immunotherapy has long been used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Human antagonist monoclonal antibody interferon α receptor 1 (IFNAR1), also known as anifrolumab, has been developed to treat autoimmune diseases in clinical trials, particularly for SLE.

Antagonistic Antibody Application for Transplant Rejection Diseases

Transplant rejection is induced when the non-self tissue or organ transplantation, of which recipient's immune system regrades the foreign implantation as a non-self component and initiates an immune response to attack, destroy and remove the implantation. Transplant rejection can be alleviated by immunosuppressive therapy, monoclonal antibody, and gene therapy. Moreover, antagonistic antibodies are utilized to prevent the receptor from signaling, such as anti-interleukin 2 receptor monoclonal antibodies basiliximab and daclizumab.

Aided by our well-established platforms and experienced scientists, Creative Biolabs is proud of providing global clients with a broad spectrum of antibody products and services to help them obtain landmark development. In addition to antagonistic antibody therapies and antagonistic antibody engineering services, we also offer a full range of specific agonistic antibody services. We are more than happy to share our experience and help our customers in related researches. Please feel free to contact us for more detailed communications and information.

Reference

Kyi, C.; Postow, M.A. Checkpoint blocking antibodies in cancer immunotherapy. FEBS Letters. 2014, 588(2): 368-376.

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